Infectious Disease
Name ONE infectious disease
Answers could include; COVID-19, Influenza, chickenpox, HIV, measles, tuberculosis, dengue fever, hepatitis B, meningococcal disease, Ebola, food poisoning, common cold, etc.
Name ONE non-infectious disease
Answers could include- cancer, diabetes, stroke, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, etc.
Which type of blood cell protects against pathogens entering the body? Red or White?
White blood cells
True/False: Vaccinations are only used for infectious diseases.
True
True/false- Vaccinations are not safe, and can be very risky.
FALSE- Vaccinations are very safe and protect you from disease.
Define the term 'pathogen'
An organism that causes an infectious disease.
Name a disease which is genetic.
Breast cancer, Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, etc.
What things make up the first line of immune defence?
Physical barriers (eg. skin), chemical barriers (eg. stomach acid, saliva)
Define the term 'vaccination'
Exposing your body to a dead or weakened version of a particular pathogen so that your body's immune response can recognise and defend against the actual pathogen.
A malignant tumour is one that is ________.
cancerous
If a sick person touches a door handle, then I touch the door handle and get sick. This is an example of what...?
Indirect Transmission
What are the three risk factor classifications of non-infectious disease?
1. Genetic
2. Environment
3. Lifestyle
Name one thing which makes up the second line of immune defence
White blood cells (eg. macrophages)
Inflammation
Fever
Name three types of vaccinations (HINT- NOT the pathogen, but the type.)
Live-attenuated (weakened)
Inactivated (dead)
mRNA
Subunit (a part of the pathogen, eg. a protein)
[100 point for each correct answer]
M_____ Cells are cells which are a part of the third line of immune defence. They remember pathogens which have invaded in the past, so that B and T cells can trigger a rapid immune response should the pathogen re-enter the body.
Memory Cells
Define the term 'vector'.
Any living organism which helps spread a pathogen from one organism to another.
Eg. Mosquitoes help transport the protozoa pathogen which causes Malaria.
Define cancer.
Answer must include "Uncontrolled cell growth"
What are antigens?
Markers that are found on pathogens which your body can recognize as FOREIGN, to start an immune response.
In other words, they tell your immune system whether something in your body is harmful or not.
Define 'herd immunity'
The indirect protection from an infectious disease when a large proportion of the community is vaccinated against that disease.
Name a disease which can be caused by both lifestyle AND environmental risk factors.
Answers could include
- Lung cancer (from smoking AND exposure to asbestos or second-hand smoke)
What type of pathogen causes chickenpox?
Virus
A disease that is passed from Parent to Child is known as a ________ disease?
Congenital disease
Give an example for each of the three lines of immune defence.
First line of defence- skin, saliva, mucus and stomach acid
Second line of defence- Non-specific targeting cells like macrophages which recognise foreign antigens on invading cells and then mark them for death.
Third line of defence- B and T cells which target a specific pathogen.
How does an mRNA vaccine work??
An mRNA vaccine gives your cells instructions (like a recipe) to make a harmless piece of a virus, such as the spike protein. Your immune system learns to recognise and destroy this protein, so if the real virus shows up later, your body can fight it off quickly.
Arrange these four pathogen types in order from smallest to largest; protozoa, bacteria, virus and multicellular fungi
1. Viruses (Smallest)
2. Bacteria
3. Protozoa
4. Fungi (largest)