Levels of Organization
The first level of organization is ________.
What is the atom?
Stores genetic information
What is nucleic acids?
Location on an enzyme where the substrate fits.
What is the active site?
Ribonucleic acid; a type of nucleic acid composed of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar; usually single-stranded
What is RNA
A specialized, usually spherical mass of protoplasm encased in a double membrane, and found in most living eukaryotic cells, directing their growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and
What is Nucleus
The strands of DNA and RNA are __________ to each other. Meaning they pair up.
What is complementary?
The strands of RNA each code for an individual ____________.
What is an amino acid?
An addition of deletion of one or more nucleotides in a sequence of DNA and RNA.
What is a frameshift?
The second level of organization is the ____________________.
What is the molecular level
Long term energy storage.
What are lipids?
The energy needed for a reaction to occur.
What is the activation energy?
Deoxyribonucleic acid; a double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule composed of nucleotide monomers
What is DNA
A cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death.
What is Lysosome
The process of matching complementary mRNA strands to the original DNA template is called ________________.
What is transcription?
The ____________ is the monomer for proteins.
What are amino acids?
A change in a single base pair of a DNA sequence.
What is a point mutation?
The third level of organization is the ________________________.
What is cellular level?
Main source of energy.
What are carbohydrates?
Proteins that lower the activation energy and speed up a reaction.
What is an enzyme.
The four nitrogen bases.
What are adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine?
An organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that functions in energy production.
What is Mitochondria
Transcription occurs inside of the ____________ of all eukaryotic cells.
What is the nucleus?
The process of decoding RNA to make a specific amino acid chain (protein) is called ______________________.
What is translation?
A point mutation in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another.
What is a substitution?
A group of cells make up ________________________
What is tissue?
Builds and repairs cells.
What are proteins?
The molecule that an enzyme works on.
What is a substrate?
DNA is made of what?
What is a nucleotide?
The cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles.
What is Cytoplasm
The process by which mRNA copies the code from DNA to make proteins is called _______________.
What is transcription?
Protein synthesis occurs at the _______________ of cells.
What are ribosomes?
The addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence.
What is an insertion?
A group of tissues make up ___________.
What is organs?
The monomer for carbohydrates.
What are Monosaccharides?
When an enzyme is no longer functional.
What is denatured?
The complementary strands binds how?
What is adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine?
A tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of
What is Ribosome
Proteins are made on _____________.
What are ribosomes?
Proteins code for specific ____________.
What are traits?
A mutation in which a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing.
What is a deletion?