Chapter 1
Study of structure of living things
What is anatomy?
The most common homeostatic control mechanism. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces intensity.
What is negative feedback mechanisms?
Smallest particle of an elemental substance that exhibits the properties of that element; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is an Atom?
Chemical bond formed by electron transfer between atoms.
What is an Ionic Bond?
Tiny, hair like projections of a cell; may move in wave like manner to propel substances across the exposed cell surface.
What is Cilia?
Muscle or gland (or other organ) capable of being activated by nerve endings.
What is effector?
Feedback that tends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change.
What is positive feedback mechanisms?
Substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united.
What is a compound?
Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is Mass Number?
The difference in the concentration of a particular substance between two different areas.
What is concentration gradient?
What is Axial?
Chemical bond created by electron sharing between atoms.
What is a Covalent bond?
Hydrophobic organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol.
What is a Lipid?
The spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution of particles; driven by kinetic energy.
What is Diffusion?
Define Anterior and Posterior.
What is toward or at the front of the body. (Anterior/Ventral)
What is toward or at the back of the body. (Posterior/Dorsal)
Organic molecule that stores and releases chemical energy for use in body cells.
What is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Chemical reaction that releases energy, e.g, a catabolic or oxidative reaction.
What is an Exergonic reaction?
A process of controlled cellular suicide; eliminates cells that are unneeded, stressed, or aged.
What is Apoptosis?
Membranous system close to the cell nucleus that packages protein secretions for export, packages enzymes into lysosomes for cellular use, and modifies proteins destined to become part of cellular membranes.
What is Golgi apparatus?
Name the nine abdominopelvic regions.
Right hypochondriac Region. Epigastric Region. Left hypochondriac Region.
Right Lateral Region. Umbilical Region. Left Lateral Region.
Right Inguinal. Pubic (Hypogastric) region. Left Inguinal Region.
Organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; building block of protein.
What is an Amino Acid?
Process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller parts.
What is Hydrolysis?
Process of autodigestion of cells, especially dead or degenerate cells.
What is autolysis?
One of the three types of cytoskeletal elements; thin strands of the protein actin.
What is microfilaments?