An "invincible" fleet sent by Spain's Philip II to challenge the English fleet in response to Queen Elizabeth's execution of her Catholic cousin Mary Stuart.
What is the Spanish Armada?
100
This leader based his organization of the Parliament army on Puritan discipline and by 1646, had completely defeated the royalist forces.
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
100
An economic system based on private ownership of property and businesses that produced goods to be bought and sold in a free market.
What is capitalism?
100
He convinced Ferdinand and Isabella to sponsor his voyage across the Atlantic after the Genoese and Portuguese governments refused him.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
100
An artistic style that deliberately distorted Renaissance principles in order to convey a message or emphasize a theme. It was eventually replaced by the baroque style.
What is mannerism?
200
A French war, fought among three factions, that was sparked by the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre.
What is the War of the Three Henrys?
200
The supporters of King Charles I.
What are Cavaliers?
200
The government taking responsibility to promote the state's economy to improve tax revenues and limit imports to prevent profits from going to outsiders.
What is mercantilism?
200
The Portuguese prince responsible for the creation of a navigation school.
Who was Henry the Navigator?
200
The baroque style originated here, where the artists first experimented with it in church design.
What are the Italian states?
300
A leader of the northern provinces of the Netherlands and considered an outlaw by Spain's Philip II, who placed a large bounty on his head.
Who was William of Orange?
300
House of Commons members who supported Cromwell. They were present for the trial of King Charles I and, finding him untrustworthy, had him executed.
Who is the Rump Parliament?
300
Companies that organized commercial ventures on a large scale by allowing investors to buy and sell shares.
What are joint-stock companies?
300
This country sponsored Ferdinand Magellan. Although he died in the Philippines during the journey, one of his ships completed the voyage giving him and this country credit for being the first to circumnavigate the globe.
What is Spain?
300
The first great baroque painter. He lived in the Spanish Netherlands and was a devout Catholic.
Who was Peter Paul Rubens?
400
Treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War which involved many kingdoms within the Holy Roman Empire.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
400
A list of Puritan demands that the House of Commons passed in 1641. King Charles I refused them.
What is the Grand Remonstrance?
400
Its scarcity caused a dramatic jump in prices.The production could not keep up with the rise in population.
What is food?
400
A ship developed by the Portuguese. Its smaller size allowed it to explore shallow coastal areas, yet it was strong enough to withstand storms of the ocean.
What is a caravel?
400
He was an architect and sculptor who completed Saint Peter's basilica in Rome.
Who was Gian Lorenzo Bernini?
500
Approximately 50,000 of Spanish Muslim Christian converts, who secretly remained faithful to Islam. Philip II forced them to leave their villages after the Battle of Lepanto.
Who were the Moriscos?
500
A radical group among the New Model Army that wanted to equalize the political rights of all Englishmen.
Who were the Levelers?
500
This revolution is the process of new mechanisms for organizing large-scale economic activity as the volume of trade rose.
What is the commercial revolution?
500
He sailed too far west in 1500 and reached the South American coast. This mistake allowed him to claim Brazil for Portugal.
Who was Pedro Cabral?
500
A female baroque painter. She created, Judith Beheading Holofernes.