Energy Systems
Which immediate energy system provides energy for very short, high-intensity bursts of activity?
ATP-PC system.
What term describes behaviour that falls outside the normally accepted rules of a sport?
Deviance
What is a relatively stable and enduring characteristic or trait of an individual?
Personality
What is the overall aim of periodisation in a training programme?
To optimise performance and prevent overtraining.
What term describes the internal resistance of a fluid to flow?
Viscosity
What is the fuel source primarily used by the glycolytic system?
Glucose (or glycogen).
Give one example of a strategy a National Governing Body might use to promote ethical behaviour in sport.
Implementing codes of conduct / Providing education programmes / Fair play campaigns / Sanctions for unethical behaviour.
Name one component of an attitude.
Cognitive (belief/thought) / Affective (feeling/emotion) / Behavioural (action/response).
Name one of the main phases of a traditional macrocycle.
Preparation / Competition / Transition.
Name one factor that can affect the magnitude of fluid resistance.
Velocity of the object / Shape of the object / Surface area of the object / Viscosity of the fluid
In which part of the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?
Mitochondrial matrix.
Distinguish briefly between positive deviance and negative deviance in sport.
Positive deviance involves over-adherence to norms, potentially leading to injury, while negative deviance involves behaviour that intentionally breaks the rules.
Briefly distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation comes from within (e.g., enjoyment), while extrinsic motivation comes from external rewards (e.g., trophies).
Briefly describe what typically happens to training volume and intensity during the competition phase
Training volume generally decreases, while training intensity generally increases.
Briefly explain how streamlining can reduce drag in swimming.
Streamlining reduces the surface area perpendicular to the flow, which minimizes form drag (pressure drag) by allowing the water to flow more smoothly around the body.
Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of creatine phosphate?
Creatine kinase.
Identify one argument against the "win at all costs" mentality in elite sport from an ethical perspective.
It can lead to deviant behaviour, undermine the integrity of the sport, and negatively impact the moral development and well-being of athletes.
Explain how a coach might use reinforcement to increase a desired behaviour in a performer.
By providing positive feedback or rewards after the desired behaviour occurs, making it more likely to be repeated.
Explain why a coach might use a microcycle with a higher training load immediately following a rest day.
The rest day allows for recovery and supercompensation, making the athlete better prepared to handle a higher training load.
State one way in which Bernoulli's principle contributes to the lift force experienced by a spinning ball in flight (e.g., a curveball in baseball).
The spin creates a difference in air velocity on opposite sides of the ball; the side with higher velocity has lower pressure (Bernoulli's principle), resulting in a net force (lift) acting perpendicular to the direction of spin, causing the ball to curve.
What is the approximate net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose via anaerobic glycolysis?
2 ATP.
Outline one potential ethical dilemma a coach might face when dealing with a talented player who is consistently engaging in gamesmanship.
The coach might face a dilemma between the desire to win (potentially aided by the player's gamesmanship) and their responsibility to promote fair play and the ethical development of their athletes, potentially needing to bench the talented player and risk team performance.
Outline one limitation of using trait theory alone to predict sporting behaviour.
Trait theory doesn't account for situational factors or the interaction between personality and the specific environment, meaning behaviour can vary despite stable traits
Outline one potential disadvantage of using a rigid, linear periodisation model for an athlete with unpredictable competition scheduling.
A rigid model may not allow for sufficient flexibility to adjust training peaks effectively for unexpected competition dates, potentially leading to under- or over-peaking.
Explain why a swimmer might shave their body hair to improve performance.
Reducing body hair minimizes surface drag (skin friction), allowing the swimmer to move through the water with less resistance.