Space science
what is the name of the force that keeps planets in orbit around the sun
Gravity.
What are the three main layers of the Earth, ordered from the outside to the inside?
Crust, Mantle, Core.
which type of rock is formed from cooled and solidified magma or lava.
Igneous rock.
what are minerals.
something naturally formed on earth
what is divergent
pull away
Which planet is known as the "Red Planet" due to its rusty, iron-rich soil, and is famously the target of many rover missions?
Mars.
At which type of plate boundary do two plates pull apart, allowing magma to rise and create new crust?
A Divergent Boundary.
Which process describes how rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by wind, water, or ice, and then moved to a new location?
Weathering and erosion.
This mineral has a hardness of 3; while a fingernail won't scratch it, a copper penny can.
Calcite
what is transform boundaries
slide past each other
What is the main difference between Earth’s rotation and Earth’s revolution?
Rotation is the Earth spinning on its axis (takes 24 hours, causes day/night), while revolution is Earth traveling around the Sun (takes ~365 days, causes years).
Explain how the Sun powers the water cycle. Which process directly causes water vapor to turn into clouds?
The Sun provides thermal energy that causes evaporation, turning liquid water into vapor. Condensation is the direct process where water vapor cools and turns into liquid droplets, forming clouds.
A sedimentary rock like limestone is buried deep underground. Over millions of years, it is squeezed by intense pressure and baked by heat from nearby magma, eventually turning into marble. What is this process called?
metamorphism.
Moving up to a hardness of 5, this mineral can only be scratched with difficulty by a steel knife.
Apatite.
what is conversion
go across each other
Even though Mercury is closer to the Sun, Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system. Explain why based on its atmosphere.
Venus has a thick atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide, creating a "runaway greenhouse effect" that traps heat, making it hotter than Mercury
When two tectonic plates slide past each other at a transform boundary, what natural event usually occurs?
An earthquake.
How do igneous rocks differ from sedimentary rocks in their formation?
Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava.sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sediments.
This very common mineral (hardness 7) is tough enough to scratch window glass and steel.
Quartz
what can transform cause
earthquakes,tsunamis,etc
what is the big bang theory and when did it happen?
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing scientific model explaining that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago.
Why does the Northern Hemisphere experience summer in June even though the Earth is actually farther away from the sun during that time?
Summer happens because of the tilt of the Earth's axis. In June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, receiving more direct sunlight and longer days, which outweighs the distance from the sun.
What are the primary forces driving the rock cycle?
The rock cycle.
Which mineral is so soft that you can easily scratch it with your fingernail and it is often ground into a fine powder for cosmetics?
Talc.
what can conversion cause
a volcano