Name the social hierarchies that made up European society during the 1400s.
Monarchs at the top, aristocracy and clergy (Church) below the monarchs, and, at the bottom, the peasants and laborers.
100
What were the two major effects of The Crusades?
First, the Crusades opened up Asian trade routes and began the flow of goods from the East. Second, the Crusades weakened the power of European nobles and gave monarchs an opportunity to seize that political power to strengthen their kingdoms.
100
What areas of society were affected by the Renaissance?
Almost all parts of society were affected, but particularly, the arts, architecture, education, philosophy, science, technology, politics, and social structure.
100
In what ways did the printing press change the shape of the written word and, in turn, the development of human history?
The printing press allowed large volumes of books and documents to be printed and distributed widely. This made books and other scholarly materials accessible to a large audience, thereby increasing literacy and expanding knowledge and ideas beyond cultural boundaries.
100
As the age of exploration began, developments in these fields allowed European explorers to maximize their exploration capabilities.
Advances in shipbuilding technology gave explorers the ability to travel faster and more efficiently. Technological developments in navigational tools allowed explorers to plot courses and direction with greater ease and accuracy.
200
What types of people began to form a rising middle class during this time?
Merchants and artisans.
200
Spurred on by an increasingly overbearing and corrupt Catholic Church, this event in the 1500s divided the Church and created many smaller branches of Christianity who did not recognize the Pope as their leader.
The Reformation.
200
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy.
200
Beginning in the 13th century, this Italian explorer and trader traveled to Asia sparking new interest in European trade relations with the East.
Marco Polo.
200
Developed by the Portuguese, this was a small and highly maneuverable sailing vessel (ship).
Caravel
300
What was the dominant religion in Europe during this time? Who was the leader of the religion?
Christianity or The Roman Catholic Church, to be specific. Their leader was/is the Pope.
300
What was the name given to Christians who broke away from the Catholic Church?
Protestants.
300
How did art change during the Renaissance?
Art during the Renaissance reflected a more realistic view of the world and incorporated techniques such as shading, lighting, perspective, proper anatomy in the art style. Medieval art was typically less realistic and more stylized.
300
What motives did European monarchs have to seek out new trading routes and territories?
European monarchs needed money to finance their militaries and run their governments. As resources and goods in their region dried up, the monarchs of the big four European powers began looking overseas to increase their wealth.
300
Name some navigational tools that were instrumental during the Age of Exploration.
Maps, compass, astrolabe.
400
Catholicism was widespread in Europe, but as time went on, the influence of this religion began creeping in and causing conflict.
Islam.
400
What were the four major nations in Europe during the 15th century (1400s)?
Portugal, Spain, France, and England.
400
This Renaissance inventor and artist not only painted "The Last Supper" and "Mona Lisa," but also had many contributions to the fields of science, architecture, biology, music, and technology
Leonardo da Vinci.
400
How did European weapons technology in the 14th and 15th century play a role in the European exploration throughout the world.
The weapons gave European explorers a military and technological advantage over the Native Americans and Africans they encountered in their travels.
400
What country led the charge in the early days of the Age of Exploration?
Portugal
500
What is the name given to the series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims beginning in the 11th century CE? What was the purpose of these wars?
The wars beginning in the 11th century and ending in the 13th century were known as The Crusades. The objective of these wars was for Christianity to retake the Holy Land (modern day Jerusalem and Israel region) from the Muslims. They were ultimately unsuccessful.
500
This term means "Rebirth" or "Reborn" in French.
The Renaissance
500
In 1455, this man invented the printing press, a device which allowed for high volume printing of documents and books.
Johannes Gutenburg
500
What is the name for the art of map making?
Cartography.
500
This Portuguese monarch was responsible for sending many explorers and their crews to discover new territories and routes along the African coast, eventually reaching as far as Asia and India.