Skull
Muscles
Muscles
Head/Brain
Other
100
What three bones does the lambdoid suture connect
The occipital bone and parietal bones
100
Name 2 actions performed by the levator scapulae?
Scapula elevation, downward rotation
100
Compare the insertion of the anterior, middle, and posterior scalenes
Anterior and middle insert on the first rib while the posterior insert on the second
100
What are the layers of the scalp?
1) Skin
2) Connective Tissue
3) Aponeurosis
4) Loose Connective Tissue
5) Pericranium
100
What are the three components of the carotid sheath?
Vagus nerve, Jugular Vein, Common carotid artery
200
Which of the following bones is not part of the Neurocranium?
A) Frontal
B) Sphenoid
C) Ethmoid
D) Lacrimal
D) Lacrimal
200
What muscle is responsible for elevation of the mouth, retrusion, and lateral movements of the mouth
Temporalis
200
A patient with CN XI damage has difficulty turning their head. What muscle may be affected?
Sternocleidomastoid
200
What are the cranial meninges in order from superficial to deep and what are their purpose?
Dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater
Purpose to Protect the brain and form supporting framework for arteries, veins, sinuses
200
What is the posterior border of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Anterior border of Trapezius muscle
300
What is this bony landmark
Zygomatic Process of Temporal Bone
300
Compare the actions of the scalenes and the splenius capitis during side-bending of the neck.
Both the Scalenes and splenius capitis side bend ipsilateral
300
What muscles are activated when performing lateral movements of the mandible
Temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite side, and masseter
300
What structure is this?
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Postcentral gyrus
300
A laceration just below the glabella results in profuse bleeding. Which artery is likely involved, and why?
Internal Carotid Artery supplies the brain and glabella
400
What is this bony landmark, and what joint is it a part of?
Condylar Process and temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
400
Name the 4 suprahyoids and 4 infrahyoids
Suprahyoids: Digastric, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, mylohyoid
Infrahyoid: Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid
400
Name the four muscles below
400
What is the flow of CSF around the brain?
Choroid Plexus of lateral ventricles -> Interventricular foramen of Monroe -> Third Ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> Fourth Ventricle -> sub-arachnoid space thru foramen of Magendie and foramen of Luschka, through arachnoid granulations to sagittal sinus
400
Which vertebrae is this and why?
Cervical Vertebrae 1 (Atlas), it has no vertebral body and a large vertebral foramen.
500
A patient presents with head trauma over the external occipital protuberance. Which muscles might be affected due to their attachments at the superior nuchal line, and how could this impact head movement?
Trapezius, Splenius Capitis, and Sternocleidomastoid
500
Longus Colli Origin, insertion, and action.
Origin: Anterior C1-3, transverse process
C3-6 vertebrae
• Insertion: transverse process C3-5, C5-T3
vertebrae
• Action: ipsilateral flex, contralateral rotation
500
A patient reports numbness and tingling in the ulnar aspect of the hand that worsens with overhead activities. Explain how the scalenes could contribute to these symptoms, including the anatomical relationship to the brachial plexus and subclavian artery.
The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalenes. Tightness to the scalenes can cause compression of the neurovascular structures.
500
A patient has difficulty coordinating tasks that require interhemispheric communication. What structure may be injured?
Corpus Callosum
500
What does the fascia of the neck do?
- Increase the ability of the neck to hold up the
head while decreasing muscular force
- Protect neck from possible injury