General Facts
What attaches muscles to bones?
Tendons 2x
Explain what voluntary movement mean?
You can control the muscle(s) moving. 3x
Are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
Where is cardiac muscle found?
The heart
What is the sliding filament theory?
The movement of actin (thin) filaments sliding past myosin (thick) filaments within the sarcomere, shortening the muscle fiber without changing the actual length of the filaments.
What is the smallest functional unit of a muscle?
Sarcomere x3
What obvious physical trait do you see when you look at a skeletal muscle under the microscope?
Bands or striations
Where is smooth muscle located?
Mostly in the walls of hollow visceral organs (other than the heart) 5x
How is cardiac muscle like skeletal muscles, and how is it like smooth muscles?
It has striations, and it is involuntary.
What 2 chemicals must be present for a muscle to contract?
ATP and calcium 5x
Do muscle cells contract individually?
No
What other tissue helps the skeletal muscle to contract?
Nerve tissue or nerves 4x
Are smooth muscles uninucleate or multi-nucleate?
uninucleate
What is the name of the discs that aid the heart in beating as one unit?
Intercalated discs 3x
Name the molecule that blocks myosin from attaching to actin.
Tropomyosin 2x
List three major functions of the bones. There are more than 3.)
Movement, allows an erect posture, stabilizing the joints, generating heat, blood cell formation, and stores calcium and phosphorus.
Some skeletal muscles can be attached to skin in which location?
Facial muscles
Smooth muscles can change the size and shape of _________________________.
The organs they line. 2X
Does the heart produce hormones?
Yes, especially when the heart muscles are damaged.
Describe the role of each of these molecules to contract a muscle: water, sodium ions (Na+), calcium, & ACh.
Water carries the sodium ion from the spine to nerves. Calcium is released allowing ACh to cross from the nerve into the muscle taking the sodium with it. Thus, the nerve impulse is passed into the muscle which allows muscle contraction. 4x
Creating atomic bonds ____ energy while breaking those atomic bonds ____ energy.
stores, releases 4x
Skeletal muscles do not rip apart easily because _________________________________________.
the thousands of muscle fibers are bundled together by connective tissue. 2x
How are smooth muscles inside organs positioned?
One layer runs circularly. and one layer runs longitudinal.
What is the relationship between the heart muscles and the nervous system? Give 1 example.
The nervous systeem can shift the heart into a higher gear especially when one is frightened or angered. 2x
What are 2 ways to stop a muscle contraction?
In the nerve, when ACh is breaks down it prevents the sodium from entering the muscle cell. In the muscle cell, when ATP binds to myosin.