Outer
The external auditory meatus extends from the pinna to the...
Tympanic membrane
Where does the stapes footplate rest in order to send vibrations through the perilymph of the cochlea?
Oval window
What are the 2 halves of the inner ear?
Vestibular and cochlear
Where are the cilia of the OHCs embedded?
Tectorial membrane
Frequency is affected by?
Mass, length, and stiffness
The resonances of the ear canal amplifly sound around 2700 Hz by
10-15 dB
What is the smallest surface area of the tympanic membrane called?
Pars flaccida
Where is perilymph located?
scala tympani and scala vestibuli
True of false: The IHCs transmit neural information more effectively than the OHCs.
True: Each IHC is connected to an many as 10 CN VIII nerve fibers. Each OHC shares its innervations with with 10 other OHCs, all of which are innervated by the same 1 CN VIII fiber.
the decibel utilizes a __________ scale
logarithmic
What are the 2 primary functions of the pinna?
Collection of sound energy and sound localization
What are the two advantages that contribute to overcoming impedance mismatch?
1. Area ratio advantage 2. Lever advantage
True or false. There is one row of inner hair cells to 3 rows of outer hair cells?
True
Which of the hair cells are more afferent?
IHCs are more afferent
What is resonant frequency?
The one frequency at which a sound source will vibrate with its greatest amplitude.
What is another name for the pinna? What is another name for the external auditory meatus?
Pinna: auricle, and EAM: ear canal
How do the muscles of the middle ear work to reduce the intensity of a loud sound before it is introduced to the cochlea?
The stapedius and tensor tympani contract to reduce movement of stapes in the oval window
Explain how the basilar membrane disperses incoming sound according to frequency.
Low frequencies are transferred to the apex of the cochlea and high frequencies are transferred to the base of the cochlea
Provide 3 functions of the OHCs.
Act as an amplifier for the IHCs, enhance sensitivity of the IHCs, increase the response of the cochlea to soft sounds, provide more stimulation to the IHCs
True of false: Intensity is measured in Hertz
False: decibels
T/F it is abnormal to have cerumen in the ear canal
False: cerumen plays an important role in outer ear health
What does it mean to overcome impedance mismatch and which part of the middle ear completes this process?
A process of increasing sound intensity to compensate for the loss of intensity that occurs when sound travels from the air-filled middle ear to the fluid-filled inner ear. Ossicular chain
True or false. Inner hair cells are located in the organ of corti
True
Explain the primary role of the IHCs.
IHCs change a wave from a hydromechanical wave to a neural signal and transmit the signal to the brain.
An increase of how many dB SPL is required to overcome impedance resistance?
Approx. 30 dB