Dev. Through Life
•High income, no health problems, non-smoker, healthy body weight
•What are factors that contribute to longevity (longer life expectancy)?
•This framework organizes human motivations into a five-tier pyramid, ranging from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, illustrating how fulfilling lower-level needs is essential for achieving higher-level personal growth and well-being.
•What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
•Assumes that children move through a series of stages in which they confront “conflicts” between biological drives and social expectations. What is the theory?
•What is Psychosexual Theory (S. Freud)?
•This theory explains how individuals fulfill societal expectations based on their positions in various systems, emphasizing that behavior is shaped by the positions people occupy in social institutions.
•What is Social Role Theory (T. Parsons)?
•The complex interplay between individuals and their environments, focusing on how various systems—such as family, community, and society—impact behavior and development, and highlighting the importance of context in understanding human experiences.
•What is Ecological Systems Theory/Perspective (Bronfenbrenner)?
•Patterns of transition and transformation from one period of life to another
•What is the life span approach?
•The range of tasks that a learner can perform with the help of a more knowledgeable person, emphasizing the critical role of social interaction and scaffolding in the learning process.
•What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), Sociocultural Theory, and Vygotsky?
•This defense mechanism involves the unconscious exclusion of distressing thoughts and memories from awareness, which can significantly impact an individual's emotional and psychological well-being in therapeutic settings.
•What is Repression? Psychoanalytic Theory, Freud
•This theory delineates eight stages of development, during which individuals confront conflicts such as trust versus mistrust and identity versus role confusion. These conflicts are fundamental to personal and social growth.
-What is the theory?
-Who is the theorist?
•What is the Psychosocial Theory/Approach? -Erikson
•Under voluntary control, responses can be strengthened or eliminated based on the rewards or consequences associated with them.
-What is this theory?
-Who is the theorist?
•What is Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner)?
•Variation, Genetic Inheritance, Selection, fitness, reproductive success
•What are the characteristics of the Natural Selection Process (Darwin's Evolution Theory)?
•In this framework, individuals make decisions based on social contracts and the greater good, understanding that laws and rules are important but can be changed for the benefit of society.
-What is theory?
-Who is the theorist?
-What is the level/stage?
•What is Moral Development; Kohlberg; Post-Conventional level (level 3-adolescence-adulthood), stages 5-Social Contracts/6-Universal Principles?
•This learning involves the use of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response, forming the basis for understanding behavior modification.
-What is this process?
-What is the theory?
•What is Associative Learning, Classical Conditioning (I. Pavlov)?
•Individuals acquire new behaviors through Vicarious Reinforcement, Social Cognition, and Self-efficacy, in which learning occurs in a social context.
•What is Social Learning Theory (A. Bandura)?
•The representation of biological needs and desires requires “immediate gratification.”
-What is this?
-What is the theory?
-Who is the theorist?
•What is the ID (S. Freud- Psychoanalytic Theory)?
•The interconnectedness of various components within a system, suggesting that changes in one part can significantly impact the whole, and is fundamental for understanding complex social interactions.
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•What is Systems Theory (Von Bertalanffy)?
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•This psychological framework, highlights how early bonds between caregivers and infants influence emotional development and later relationships.
-What is Theory?
-Who is/are the theorist(s)?
-What are the categories in this theory?
•What is Attachment Theory; Bowlby/Ainsworth; secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious resistant, & disorganized?
•The fundamental attributes such as testability, predictability, coherence, empirical support, and applicability to practice play a pivotal role in assessing the robustness and practicality of a theoretical foundation.
•What are the Characteristics of Theory?
•Underrepresented groups, often encompassing individuals who are considered to be exceptionally disadvantaged as they typically hold a disproportionately low share of political and economic power within society.
•What is Minority Group?
•This theory highlights the following concepts—cognitive maps, latent learning, purposive behavior, expectancy, cognitive responses, and sign-gestalt—that suggest behavior is goal-directed and influenced by internal mental processes.
-What is this theory?
-Who is the theorist?
•What are the six cognitive dimensions of Cognitive Behaviorism (Cognitive Behaviorism- Tolman)?
•Growth occurs at every period of life
• Individuals' lives show continuity and change as they progress through time
•Understanding the whole person in an integrated manner
•Behavior must be interpreted in the context of relevant settings/personal relationships
•People contribute actively to their development
•What are the five assumptions of Human Development?
•This developmental milestone signifies the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible.
-What is the developmental stage/age?
-What is the key concept?
-What is the Theory?
-Who is the Theorist?
•What is the infancy (8-12 mo.), Object Permanence, Cognitive Developmental Theory, Piaget
•The mental structures that help individuals organize and interpret information, playing a crucial role in how children understand their experiences and the world around them.
-What is the concept?
-What is the theory?
-Who is the theorist?
•What is Schema, Cognitive Developmental Theory (J. Piaget)?
•This framework explains how individuals' behaviors and beliefs are influenced by their background and societal norms. It emphasizes the impact of background on mental processes and social interactions. These learned systems of meaning and patterns of behavior that are shared by a group of people are transmitted from one generation to the next.
•What is cultural theory?
•In this theory, children begin to think logically about tangible events but struggle with abstract concepts.
-What is the developmental stage/age?
-What is the theory?
-Who is the theorist?
•What is Concrete Operational Stage (middle school age/ages 7-11) the 4 stages of Cognitive Developmental Theory (J. Piaget)?