Cell transport 1
What is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input?
Passive Transport
What type of transport moves water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What type of solution has an equal concentration of water inside and outside the cell?
Isotonic solution
What is the ability to do work?
Energy
What do you call those organisms that can make their own food like plants?
Autotrophs
What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks due to water moving out.
What is the protein pump that moves sodium and potassium ions across the membrane using ATP?
Sodium-potassium pump.
What process allows white blood cells to engulf bacteria?
Endocytosis - Phagocytosis
What is the branch of science that studies the flow and transformation of energy?
Thermodynamics
What is the main energy currency for cells?
ATP - Adenosine triphosphate
What is the process in which a cell takes in liquid through vesicles, sometimes called “cell drinking”?
Pinocytosis.
Which type of transport moves substances from low to high concentration and requires energy?
Active transport
What type of transport requires a protein but not energy?
Facilitated diffusion
What do you call those organisms that rely on other organisms for energy?
Heterotrophs
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Law of Conservation of energy
How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion requires a transport protein, while simple diffusion does not.
What happens to a plant cell in a hypotonic solution, and why doesn’t it burst like an animal cell?
It swells but doesn’t burst because the cell wall provides structural support.
What happens to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?
It undergoes plasmolysis as water leaves the cell, causing the cell to shrink.
What do you call the metabolic pathway that requires energy to build larger molecules from smaller molecules?
Anabolic Pathway
What do you call the metabolic pathway that breaks down large molecules to smaller molecules and releases energy?
Catabolic pathway
Why does active transport require ATP while passive transport does not?
Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration requiring energy input.
What role do lysosomes play in vesicle transport?
They break down materials brought into the cell via endocytosis.
In endocytosis and exocytosis, transport proteins are no longer enough to take materials in or out of the cell. What organelle do they use?
Vesicles
In the 2nd law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be converted without the loss of useable energy. That loss is generally transform into what energy?
Heat energy
How does ATP release energy?
It releases energy by breaking the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate group