Foundations and Models
This is the scientific study of psychological disorders, including both diagnosis and treatment.
What is Psychopathology?
This book provides shared descriptions, classifications, and diagnostic criteria to mental health professionals.
What is the DSM?
According to our powerpoint, this age group has the highest rates of MDD.
What is Early Adulthood (18-29)?
Starting a demanding job increases a person’s psychological demands. This general term describes this type of event.
What is a stressor?
Explain the difference between fear and anxiety.
Fear = Present
Anxiety = Future
A client meets criteria for both PDD and SAD, this term describes their co-occurence?
What is Comorbidity?
A client describes a spiritual experience of “speaking in tongues”. A clinician labels the experience as evidence of a disorder without exploring anything else.
What important assessment step was missed, and why does it matter?
Assessing the client’s cultural context. An unfamiliar belief or experience alone does not establish a disorder. The clinician should examine cultural meaning, associated symptoms, distress, and functioning.
A person sleeps very little but feels rested and unusually energetic. This is a characteristic of what bipolar symptom(s)?
What is Mania/Hypomania?
A person develops qualifying trauma symptoms after a traumatic event, with symptoms persisting for two weeks. This disorder best fits this duration?
What is Acute Stress Disorder?
Someone has an excessive, impairing fear specifically focused on snakes. Which disorder is most consistent with this presentation?
What is Specific Phobia?
Name Each Term:
1. The problem(s) that brings a client to seek care
2. Factors that caused or contributed to the orgin of the problem
3. The hypothesis on the future course of the problem/diagnosis
What is:
1. Presenting Problems
2. Etiology
3. Prognosis
This term describes a diagnosis that is given when there is suspicion, but additional information/ history is required before comfirming.
What is a Provisional Diagnosis?
An adult has depressed mood more days than not, for three years, with low energy and hopelessness. There is no history of mania or hypomania. What disorder best describes this?
What is Persistent Depressive Disorder?
Within one month of a relationship ending, someone develops disproportionate sadness and anxiety that interfere with daily functioning. Another disorder does not better explain the symptoms. Name the diagnosis AND specifier.
What is Adjustment Disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood.
Two different patients avoid a crowded restaurant. Person 1 fears being judged for visibly shaking; Person 2 fears being unable to escape or obtain help if happens in that setting. Which disorder does each concern suggest?
Social Anxiety for Person 1
Agoraphobia for Person 2
When assessing a client, a clinician considers both influences that increase the likelihood of psychological difficulties and influences that reduce that likelihood or support resilience.
These two types of influences are called what?
What are Protective and Risk Factors?
This is the name for the process that involves a therapist and client working together to understand emotional difficulties, disorders, and maladaptive functioning, and develop ways to address them.
What is Psychotherapy?
This depressive symptom describes the loss of pleasure, or reduced ability to experience pleasure from activities you once enjoyed.
What is Anhedonia?
A client fears riding in cars after a serious accident. Rather than beginning with less frightening steps, the therapist and client agree to start exposure therapy with a prolonged car ride. The situation at the top of the client’s fear hierarchy. This term describes this type of exposure therapy.
What is Flooding?
For seven months, someone has difficult-to-control worry about health, finances, family, and coursework, accompanied by tension, fatigue, restlessness, and impairment. Name the likely disorder, and the gender pattern described in the anxiety slides.
What is GAD? Women are more likely to be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder compared to men.
When we say there are “genetic components to a disorder”, what does that mean—do individuals “inherit disorders through a gene”?
No, individuals inherit susceptibility to a disorder, from a combination of multiple genes. We consider mental health disorders as POLYGENIC.
Measures/ assessments used by clinicians to confirm the presence of a diagnosis must be _______, _______, and __________.
What is Valid, Reliable, and Standardized?
There are 3 main features that distinguish Mania from Hypomania, name 2/3.
1. Marked Impairment
2. Hospitalization
3. Psychosis
An adult experiences intense yearning for a deceased loved one, additional qualifying symptoms, and impairment beyond cultural expectations. Which disorder should be considered, and how long must it have been since the death?
What is Prolonged Grief Disorder? At least 12 months.
A person experiences repeated unexpected panic attacks. This is the first hallmark of Panic Disorder. What is the second?
Worry/ concern about the possibility of future panic attacks.