A106: Airport Operations
What distance is kept between taxiing and at the hold short for active runway?
50 ft when taxiing, 25 when holding short.
Which way does air flow in the Northern Hemisphere due to what phenomenon?
Coriolis effect - earth's rotation
Low pressure flows counter-clockwise
High pressure flows clockwise
What are the Cloud Clearance rules for over 10,000 MSL
Visibility: 5 NM
1,000 ft above
1,000 ft below
1 SM horizontal
What time is it in Zulu time?
Add 6 hours
(On 3 November Add 7 Hours)
What is Vx and Vy?
Vx: Best angle of climb - most altitude in shortest distance
Vy: Best rate of climb - most altitude in shortest time
What is the difference between the Displaced Threshold, Relocated Threshold, and Blastpad/stopway Markings?
Displaced: Rated for takeoff if clearance is given
Relocated: Used as a taxiway - no landing or takeoff
Blastpad: No aircraft operations here - used to allow space for vortices from large aircraft
Describe a stable and unstable atmosphere
Stable: resists vertical movement, has cold dry air typically.
Unstable: Warm, humid air. Results in turbulence and can lead to severe weather
What does a route labeled "VR310" mean
Military Training Route
VFR flight
3 numbers following means some operations above 1,500 ft AGL
What are the two Radio Navigation Systems
VOR and GPS
Describe taxiway and runway lights
Taxi: lined with blue lights
Runway: Lined with white lights
- Green lights: runway threshold
- Amber lights: last half of runway
- Red lights: Last 1000 ft of runway
What does it mean when there is one white light and three red lights on PAPI lights?
Slightly low approach
Describe the three stages of a Thunderstorm
Cumulus Stage: height 3-5 mi, updrafts begin, needs moisture and instability
Mature: height 5-10mi, most violent, when precipitation begins to fall, violent turbulance
Dissipating: 5-7 mi, updrafts dissipate, downdrafts begin spreading out
What are the Cloud Clearance Rules below 10,000 ft MSL
500 ft below
1,000 ft above
2,000 ft horizontal
What does Dead Reckoning Navigation use?
Time, airspeed, distance, direction.
Explain Class C Airspace
Must have tower acknowledge your call sign to enter, and not explicitly say "Stay out".
Speed Limit: 200KIAS
ADS-B and Mode C required
surface to 4000 AGL - inner core 5 mi radius
1200-4000 AGL - outer shelf, 5-10 mi radius
What is the difference between NODAM-D and FDC NODAM
NODAM-D is changes to a specific airport (Runway closures, VOR out of service, etc.)
FDC is changes in procedures or flight restrictions.(Changes in instruments required, paperwork, etc.)
Decode this METAR
KPUB 142153Z 11010KT 10SM CLR 29/M01 A3008
KPUB - Pueblo Airport
14th day of the month
2153Z - reported at 2153 Zulu time
11010KT - Wind from 110 degrees, at 10 knots
10SM - Visibility 10 Statute Miles
CLR - Skies clear
29/M01 - Temp: 29 C, Dew Point: -1 C
A3008 - Altimeter 30.08
What is a NSA and how is it depicted?
NSA: National Security Area
- Pilots are requested to avoid flight below a specified altitude
- Flights may be temporarily restricted or prohibited
Depicted with a broken magenta line (thicker than the magenta dashed showing a class E airspace)
If I am flying on an Easterly magnetic course, what is the cruising altitude rule?
Odd thousands, + 500 ft
ex: 5,500. 8,500. 13,500
Decode this METAR
KTAD 142154Z AUTO 18014KT 10SM FEW120 25/M01 A3019
KTAD - Fowler Airport
14 - day of month
2154Z - time reported
AUTO - collected by an automated system
18014KT - winds from 180deg, 14 kts
10SM - visibility
FEW120 - few clouds 12000 ft
25/M01 - temp/dew point
A3019 - Altimeter
Upwind: enter after takeoff
Closed turn: after reaching altitude, turn into the downwind (5500)
Downwind: Parallel to runway, opposite direction of takeoff flow. No less than 0.5 mi away from runway
Perch: Point on the downwind where a turn is made (45 degrees from runway, or more based on traffic)
Base turn: After perch, into final
Final: Final approach of runway, dropping altitude to do a full-stop, touch-and-go, or go-around.
Initial: 500 ft above pattern altitude (6000), 1 NM out.
Break: a closed turn happening in the first 2000 ft of the runway to drop to pattern altitude and join pattern in the downwind.
Decode this TAF
KPUB 141729Z 1418/1518 VRB06KT P6SM FEW130 SCT200
KPUB - Pueblo
14 - 14th day of the month
1729Z - time reported
1418/1518 - Valid range from 14th at 1800 - 15th at 1800
VRB06KT - Variable Wind Direction at 6 knots
P6SM - +6 Statute Miles
FEW130 - Few clouds at 13000ft AGL
SCT200 - scattered clouds at 20000ft AGL
Explain the airspaces at Colorado Springs
Class C surrounding airport
Changes to class E
MOA at the Academy - magenta square with dashes : includes gliders and jumper signs
Decode the information block for Trinidad Airport
Magenta Color: Un towered
Perry Stokes (RAD): airport name and code
ASOS frequency: 119.025
Elevation: 5762 ft
*L: lighting limitations exist
Longest runway available: 55 ft
UNICOM: 122.8
RP 21: Right hand pattern for runway 21
Solid C: indicates CTAF
Decode the Pueblo Airport Aeronautical Chart inside the VORTAC range
1. Decode Airport information block
- PUEBLO MEML (PUB): Name and code
- CT - 119.2* : Control Tower Frequency*part-time
- Solid C: Follows CTAF
- ATIS 125.25: ATIS frequency
- 4729 : Longest runway available in ft
- *L: conditions to lighting
- 122.95 : UNICOM frequency
- RP 8R : Right Pattern for runway 8R
Runway color: Blue - Towered airport
Star: Beacon sunset to sunrise
Airspace: Class D Surface to 7200 ft AGL, then Class E 700 ft AGL - 1200 AGL, some spots have class E from surface to 700 AGL then changes faded.
Blue line with inside dashes: Range of VORTAC
Yellow blobs: areas of high population
Mountain shaped symbol: Top number is MSL bottom is AGL of a tall obstacle