Cell Organelles
This organelle contains the cell’s genetic material and controls cell activities.
Which organelle do plant and fungal cells have that animal cells lack, providing structure and support?
Cell wall
What is the equation triangle used to solve for magnification, actual size, and image size?
M=I/A
Viruses are made up of genetic material surrounded by this.
Protein coat (capsid)
The lytic cycle ends with this event.
Lysis (bursting) of the host cell
This organelles function is to build polypeptides based off of mRNA base sequences.
Ribosomes
This organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal or fungal cells and is the site of photosynthesis.
Chloroplast
This type of microscope offers the highest resolution for viewing cell ultrastructure.
Electron microscope
Name 2 features that are common to all viruses.
Small size, fixed size, DNA/RNA as genetic material, capsid made of protein, released viruses have no cytoplasm and no enzymes.
The viral DNA integrates into the host cell’s DNA during this cycle.
Lysogenic cycle
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules for secretion or delivery within the cell.
Golgi apparatus
What is one major structural difference between fungal and plant cell walls?
Fungal cell walls contain chitin; plant cell walls contain cellulose.
How many micrometers (um) are in one millimeter (mm).
1000 um = 1 mm
Name an example of a virus.
Covid, HIV, etc.
Which cycle causes immediate destruction of the host cell?
Lytic cycle
These organelles are the sites of aerobic respiration and energy (ATP) production.
Mitochondria
Red blood cells are considered “atypical” eukaryotic cells for what reason?
They lack a nucleus and many organelles once mature.
Name one of the three parts of modern cell theory.
Any of: (1) All living things are made of cells, (2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function, (3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What does a virus have to attach to in order to infect a cell?
Plasma/cell membrane
The integrated viral DNA in the lysogenic cycle is called what?
Provirus or prophage
Plant cells have this organelle that maintains turgor pressure and stores water and nutrients.
Central vacuole
Some eukaryotic cells like muscle cells or certain fungi have more than one nucleus. What term describes these cells?
Multinucleate
Explain how eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes do not.
Not made of cells, can't maintain homeostasis, do not grow, can not reproduce, can not perform independent metabolism.
Compare the timing of viral reproduction in the lytic vs. lysogenic cycles.
Lytic: immediate replication and release; Lysogenic: viral DNA remains dormant until triggered.