Evolutionary Response
This type of response occurs when harvesting pressure leads to changes in traits across generations.
What is an evolutionary response?
A mechanism that allows an animal to avoid a device after encountering it once and associating it with danger (hint: it has to do with the senses!)
What is taste aversion?
The immediate behavioral response that occurs when animals perceive a lethal control device as a threat.
What is risk-aversion?
This concept is central to the paper’s framework, describing how behavioral responses to harvesting link individual traits to population-level ecological outcomes.
What is ecological integration?
An organism's pattern of survival and reproduction throughout its lifetime, shaped by the allocation of resources to growth, maintenance, and reproduction
What is life history?
The paper describes how harvesting can select for traits like wariness and altered activity patterns, integrating this evolutionary concept.
What is selection pressure?
The cognitive process that occurs when an animal learns that one type of trap is dangerous and then avoids other similar traps.
What is stimulus generalization?
A term that describes the spread of fear from one individual to another without direct exposure to a threat.
What is fear contagion?
The paper integrates this subdiscipline by examining how learned avoidance and stimulus generalization affect species’ interactions with control devices.
What is cognitive/behavioral biology?
Largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support, in equations, typically referred to as K
For behavior to evolve from harvesting, it must be passed from parents to offspring. This is known as
What is heritability?
How animals that haven’t encountered a trap still learn to avoid it by observing others avoid the trap.
What is social learning?
Perceived risk of encountering predators or threats across space, informed through conspecific interaction.
What is the landscape of fear?
By discussing how harvesting alters species’ space use and activity patterns, the paper integrates this ecological concept related to species’ roles in ecosystems.
What is niche dynamics?
The gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established.
What is ecological succession?
When humans remove certain animals from a population because they are considered invasive or nuisance, this is a form of
What is artificial selection?
The mechanism urban-adapted species avoid humans involved in trapping selectively, while still approaching humans who provide food.
What is discriminative learning?
The type of behavior adopted by offsprings learned from their parents in and exposed to high-risk environments.
The paper integrates behavior, ecology, and management by showing how this trait shapes species’ responses to harvesting across contexts.
What is behavioral plasticity?
The struggle between members of the same species for limited resources, such as food, water, space, and mates, which helps regulate population sizes by influencing fitness and birth rates.
What is intraspecific competition?
Evolutionary change from harvesting is most likely when traits are heritable and this happens consistently.
What is repeated selective pressure?
What factor determines whether learned avoidance spreads through a population?
What is the combination of individual learning, generalization, and social transmission?
The molecular process that can regulate stress responses and lead to heritable behavioral changes across generations.
What is epigenetics?
The authors propose a mechanistic framework that combines evolutionary selection, learning, and stress responses, integrating these three biological mechanisms.
What are evolutionary biology, behavioral ecology, and physiology?
The full range of environmental conditions, such as temperature and sunlight, in which a species could theoretically survive and reproduce if there were no competition from other species or other limiting factors (hint: it’s two words!)
What is fundamental niche?