1
Which example illustrates the skin’s heat regulation function?
a.The barrier function prevents water evaporation.
b.Melanocytes produce melanin.
c.Sudoriferous glands excrete perspiration.
d. Sebaceous glands secrete sebum.
c.Sudoriferous glands excrete perspiration.
What is a fibrous protein that is the principal component of hair and nails?
a.keratin
b.elastin
c.dermal papillae
d.collagen
a.keratin
The layer of skin that is seen and treated by the cosmetologist is the _____.
a.stratum corneum
b.keratin
c.melanin
d.stratum spinosum
a.stratum corneum
Nerve fibers that send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain are called _____.
a.sensory nerve fibers
d.secretory nerve fibers
c.motor nerve fibers
d.autonomic nerve fibers
a.sensory nerve fibers
Which is a reasonable prediction of an outcome for a client who does not use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher?
a.Collagen and elastin fibers will weaken, and the client’s skin will age prematurely.
b.The skin’s hydrolipidic film will break down and allow pathogens to penetrate the dry skin.
c.Sebum on the epidermis will dry up, allowing for bacteria to penetrate the epidermis.
d.The client will be susceptible to Sensory Processing Disorder, causing a lack of tolerance to hot and cold sensations on the skin.
a.Collagen and elastin fibers will weaken, and the client’s skin will age prematurely.
Which response describes a cause of wrinkles or sagging skin?
a.the inability of sudoriferous glands to eliminate waste products from the skin
b.the barrier function allowing too much skin moisture to be lost by water evaporation
c.collagen fibers lose their strength due to exposure to UV light
d.The sebaceous glands secreting too little sebum due to emotional stress
c.collagen fibers lose their strength due to exposure to UV light
Wanda’s skin has recently been experiencing a significant amount of new wrinkles. What could explain these new wrinkles?
a.Wanda has recently been working at an outdoor job that requires frequent exposure to very cold temperatures, which weakens collagen fibers.
b.Wanda has been using a new brand of shower gel that has changed the average pH of the skin’s acid mantle.
c.Wanda has started swimming frequently, which overmoisturizes the skin and stimulates the arrector pili muscles.
d.Wanda is taking a new prescription drug that stimulates the sudoriferous glands’ activity, causing excessive excretion of sweat.
a.Wanda has recently been working at an outdoor job that requires frequent exposure to very cold temperatures, which weakens collagen fibers.
x
Lately, a client has noticed body sweat much more than typical in the past. Which situation could explain this increased perspiration?
a.The client has allowed the hair to grow longer than the usual hairstyle.
b.The client is taking a new prescription drug.
c.The client started using a new oil-based nail polish.
d.The client is using sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher.
b.The client is taking a new prescription drug.
The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is _____.
a.granular melanin
b.pheomelanin
c.eumelanin
d.photovoltaic
b.pheomelanin
What is the function of elastin?
a.It determines the depth and tone of an individual’s skin, hair, and eye color.
b.It lubricates the skin and preserves hair’s softness.
c.It gives the skin flexibility and elasticity.
d.It gives the skin form and strength.
c.It gives the skin flexibility and elasticity.
Which two structures give the skin strength, form, and flexibility?
a.dermis and epidermis
b.collagen and elastin
c.pheomelanin and eumelanin
d.keratin and melanocytes
b.collagen and elastin
Oil glands that are connected to hair follicles are also called _____.
a.sudoriferous glands
b. sebaceous glands
c.arrector glands
d.substance glands
b. sebaceous glands
A broad-spectrum sunscreen is one that _________.
a.supplements the skin with vitamin D and other actives
b.protects the skin in a wide range of weather conditions
c.provides protection for all skin tones
d.has been shown to protect against UVA and UVB radiation from the sun
d.has been shown to protect against UVA and UVB radiation from the sun
What characteristics can help identify a malignant melanoma?
a.scaly red or pink papules or nodules that may appear as open sores or crusty areas
b.black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture
c.pink or flesh-colored lesions that feel sharp or rough
d.light or pearly nodules felt on the skin
b.black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture
The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, its functions, and diseases is _____.
a.anatomy
b.dermatology
c.histology
d.physiology
b.dermatology
Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body’s skin?
a.10 to 30 percent
b.30 to 50 percent
c.50 to 70 percent
d.70 to 90 percent
c.50 to 70 percent
What gives the body smoothness and contour while providing a protective cushion for the skin?
a.arrector pili muscles
b.dermal papillae
c. subcutaneous tissue
d.keratin
c. subcutaneous tissue
_____ helps protect sensitive cells from UV rays.
d.Melanin
Which type of skin cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 66 percent once the cancer reaches local lymph nodes?
a.basal cell carcinoma
b.squamous cell carcinoma
c.actinic keratosis
d.malignant melanoma
d.malignant melanoma
Which type of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to the muscles?
a.sensory
b.motor
c.secretory
d.central
b.motor
What is the underlying or inner layer of the skin?
a.epidermis
b.dermis
c.papillary layer
d.reticular layer
b.dermis
All of the following describe a defense mechanism the skin uses to protect the body EXCEPT:
a.The hydrolipidic film prevents the skin from drying out.
d.The pH of the acid mantle protects from pathogens.
c. Sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands protects from external dangers, such as bacteria invasion.
d.Hair follicles pull bacteria from the surface of the skin.
d.Hair follicles pull bacteria from the surface of the skin.
Water loss through perspiration is an example of which function of the skin?
a. excretion
b.secretion
c.absorption
d.protection
a. excretion
All of the following are examples of primary lesions EXCEPT _________.
a.cysts
b.pustules
c. ulcers
d.tumors
c. ulcers