Neurodevelopmental Disorders
What is an intellectual disorder? What are the three adaptive domains to consider?
What are deficits in intellectual functioning along with impairments in three adaptive domains: conceptual skills like academics and reasoning, social skills like communication and judgment, and practical skills needed for daily independence.
This disorder involves a pattern of angry irritable mood and defiant behavior lasting at least six months and occurring with someone other than a sibling.
What is ODD?
What are Cluster A, Cluster B, and Cluster C?
These three groupings organize personality disorders into categories marked by odd or eccentric traits (Cluster A), dramatic or emotional traits (Cluster B), and anxious or fearful traits (Cluster C).
This diagnosis requires excessive anxiety and worry more days than not for at least six months about multiple activities or events.
What is GAD?
This disorder features intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing anxiety even though the behaviors are not realistically connected to the fear. What is the best treatment?
What is OCD?
Exposure and Response Prevention
SSRI's; first line of medication
This disorder requires at least two weeks of depressed mood or loss of interest plus symptoms like sleep changes, appetite changes, low energy, and thoughts of death, causing significant distress or impairment.
What is major depressive disorder.
This chronic mood disorder involves two years of fluctuating hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that never meet full criteria for either a hypomanic or major depressive episode. This cycling mood pattern includes periods of elevated energy and low mood, but neither reaches the threshold of a true hypomanic or major depressive episode.
What is cyclothymic disorder.
What is the drug that is dangerous for those with Bipolar Disorders to take?
Marijuana
What are the three types of ADHD? What are the best evidence based treatments?
what is ADHD, Predominately Inattentive Type; ADHD, Predominately Hyperactive and Impulsive Type, and ADHD, Combined type
what are stimulant medications like methylphenidate or amphetamine formulations, or non-stimulants such as atomoxetine or guanfacine, along with behavioral therapies including parent management training, behavioral classroom interventions, organizational-skills training, contingency management, and school accommodations through 504 or IEP supports.
This disorder includes aggression toward people or animals, property destruction, deceit or theft, or serious rule violations.
What is CD?
What is the best treatment for most PD's?
What is treatment that involves structured, evidence-based psychotherapies such as DBT for borderline traits, CBT for maladaptive thinking patterns, schema therapy for entrenched core beliefs, and mentalization-based therapy to strengthen understanding of self and others.
Medication, SSRI's, first line
This condition includes fear of scrutiny or embarrassment in social situations and often leads to avoiding those situations altogether.
This disorder involves recurrent pulling out of one’s own hair, leading to noticeable hair loss, along with repeated attempts to decrease or stop the behavior.
What is trichotillomania?
This disorder involves mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and physical symptoms that occur in most menstrual cycles, peak before menses, and improve shortly after bleeding begins.
What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
This disorder requires at least one hypomanic episode lasting four days and at least one major depressive episode, but never a full manic episode.
What is bipolar II disorder.
This childhood disorder is characterized by non-episodic irritability present for a full year, while the other is distinguished by episodic shifts into mania, hypomania, and depression that last days to weeks and involve clear changes in sleep, energy, and behavior.
What are disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and pediatric bipolar disorder.
Differentiate social pragmatic communication disorder and autism spectrum disorder.
What are two neurodevelopmental disorders both involve social communication deficits, but only one also requires restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or sensory differences; the other has no RRBs and is diagnosed solely on pragmatic language and social-use impairments.
This disorder requires either verbal or physical aggression twice weekly for three months, or three serious aggressive outbursts in a year that are non premediated and are well outside the scope of the size of the problem
What is Intermittent Explosive Disorder?
These are the three personality disorders found in Cluster A, the group characterized by odd or eccentric behavior.
What are paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders.
This disorder involves marked fear of specific objects or situations like animals, heights, or flying, and the fear is out of proportion to the actual danger.
What is specific phobia?
This is excoriation disorder. What is the best treatment?
What is the condition that is marked by compulsive skin picking that results in lesions, and individuals repeatedly try to reduce or stop the picking.
Habit reversal training, which teaches awareness of picking triggers and replaces the urge with a competing action, is considered the most effective treatment for excoriation disorder.
SSRI
This childhood disorder features severe temper outbursts and chronic irritability that persist for at least twelve months in at least two settings.
What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
This mood disorder differs from DMDD because its mood elevation and depression occur in distinct episodes, not as persistent irritability year-round.
What is bipolar disorder.
These three disruptive behavior disorders differ in that one involves chronic argumentative behavior without severe rights violations, another includes deliberate aggression and rule-breaking often tied to interpersonal gains, and the third involves impulsive, non-premeditated aggressive bursts with rapid return to baseline.
What are oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and intermittent explosive disorder.
What differentiates Tourette's Disorder from a Tic Disorder?
What is Tourette's Disorder (TS) is a specific type of tic disorder characterized by the presence of both multiple motor tics AND at least one vocal tic that have persisted for more than a year, with onset before age 18. Other tic disorders (like Persistent Motor/Vocal Tic Disorder or Provisional Tic Disorder) involve only motor or only vocal tics, but not the specific combination required for TS
The types of treatments for ODD and CD
What are two disruptive behavior disorders both respond to behavioral and family-based interventions, but one is primarily treated with parent management training and child-focused CBT for emotion regulation and defiance, while the other often requires more intensive approaches such as multisystemic therapy, functional family therapy, and coordinated school–community interventions due to its severity and risk for legal involvement.
What are for ODD parent management strategies that restructure reinforcement and consequences.
PCIT-ages 2 through 7.11
PMT 2-12
For CD, includes multisystemic therapy, which targets family, peer, and school systems simultaneously. This includes individual therapy, family therapy, PMT for parents, treating comorbid conditions
These four personality disorders make up the cluster characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior.
What are antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders.
This anxiety disorder involves excessive fear or distress when anticipating or experiencing separation from attachment figures, lasts at least four weeks in children or six months in adults, and causes significant impairment.
What is separation anxiety disorder?
This anxiety-related condition can be confused with OCD, but unlike OCD, its repetitive behaviors stem from difficulty discarding items and not from intrusive unwanted thoughts.
What is hoarding disorder?
This long-lasting depressive condition involves a depressed or irritable mood for at least two years in adults, or one year in youth.
What is persistent depressive disorder.
This mood disorder often requires mood stabilizers like lithium or valproate along with atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine, risperidone, or quetiapine to manage full manic episodes and the depressive episodes that often follow.
What is bipolar I disorder.
These two disorders both involve fear of criticism and social inhibition, but one is limited to specific performance or social situations, while the other is pervasive across relationships, self-view, and identity.
What are social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder.
What are the gold star standards in diagnosing ASD? What is the current prevalence rate for ASD? How do you choose which module to use? What do you base the choice on?
What is Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ADOS; Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised, ADI-R; 1 in 31 prevalence
Toddler module 12 months to 30 months;
Module one-31 months, single words;
Module two-phrase speech;
Module three, verbally fluent child/adolescent; Module four, verbally fluent adult;
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and intermittent explosive disorder are differentiated by...
What is marked by chronic, persistent irritability between outbursts, while the other involves brief, impulsive explosive episodes with a return to baseline mood afterward.
These three personality disorders make up the cluster known for anxious or fearful behavior.
What are avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders.
This childhood anxiety disorder is marked by a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations, such as at school, despite speaking normally in other settings, and the symptoms must last at least one month. How long must you wait to diagnose this?
What is selective mutism?
What is you need to wait one month?This specifier is used when individuals with OCD have poor understanding of whether their beliefs or fears are true.
What is with poor insight.
This disorder requires episodic, more severe depression, while its chronic counterpart requires persistent low mood lasting years.
What are major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder.
What are substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, ADHD, PD's, Eating Disorders, and PTSD.
Effective care for this disorder often includes habit reversal training, comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics, psychoeducation, and medications like alpha-2 agonists or antipsychotics when symptoms interfere with functioning.
What is Tourette’s disorder.
These three neurodevelopmental disorders can all present with language delays, academic difficulties, and social challenges, but one requires evidence of early-emerging social communication deficits plus restricted repetitive behaviors, another demands symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity across at least two settings with onset before age twelve, and the third hinges on deficits across conceptual, social, and practical adaptive domains confirmed through tools like the Vineland rather than IQ alone.
What are autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and intellectual disability.
These three childhood disorders all involve irritability or aggression, but one features argumentative and defiant behavior without severe mood episodes, another shows chronic irritability with frequent temper outbursts across at least a year in multiple settings, and the third involves brief, impulsive explosive episodes with a return to baseline mood between outbursts.
What are oppositional defiant disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, and intermittent explosive disorder.
These three personality disorders can all involve interpersonal conflict and emotional instability, but one is driven by chronic fears of abandonment and identity disturbance, another by grandiosity and a need for admiration, and the third by social inhibition and hypersensitivity to criticism despite wanting close relationships.
What are borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and avoidant personality disorder.
These three anxiety disorders can all present with avoidance, physical symptoms, and distress, but one centers on fear of scrutiny and negative evaluation, another involves persistent worry across multiple domains for at least six months, and the third features unexpected surges of intense fear followed by concern about future attacks and behavioral avoidance.
What are social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder.
This is a preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance that are either unnoticeable or minor to others, along with repetitive behaviors like mirror checking, grooming, or comparison that cause significant distress.
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
One of these childhood mood disorders is defined by chronic, non-episodic irritability with frequent temper outbursts, while the other requires distinct episodes of mania or hypomania and often major depression that last days to weeks and represent a clear shift from baseline.
What are disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and bipolar disorder.
What is comprehensive care for bipolar disorder.
What is the approach to managing mania, hypomania, and depression goes far beyond medication by including Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, individual and family therapy, support groups, sleep and food logs, structured daily routines, and a plan involving a trusted family member who can intervene if symptoms escalate.
These four disorders can all involve irritability or aggressive behavior, but one requires distinct episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression lasting days to weeks; another shows chronic, non-episodic irritability with severe outbursts across at least a year; a third involves brief, impulsive explosive attacks with a rapid return to baseline mood; and the fourth is marked by persistent argumentative, defiant behavior without mood episodes or explosive aggression.
What are bipolar disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder.