Endotherms vs. Ectotherms
An animal that increases its cellular respiration rate to generate body heat when environmental temperatures drop.
What is an endotherm?
These blood vessels always carry blood away from the heart.
What are arteries?
The organ where the majority of macromolecule enzyme breakdown AND nutrient absorption into blood capillaries occurs.
What is the small intestine?
Starches and complex disaccharides must be broken down into these individual single-sugar units before the gut can absorb them.
What are monosaccharides?
Found in liver cells, this antioxidant enzyme protects cells by converting toxic hydrogen peroxide into these two harmless molecules.
What are catalase (the enzyme), water, and oxygen gas?
On a graph comparing external temperature (x-axis) to internal body temperature (y-axis), this animal’s line is completely flat/horizontal.
What is an endotherm (e.g., mouse)?
This specific blood vessel returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart.
What is the pulmonary vein?
This organ synthesizes and secretes the vast majority of digestive enzymes used in the small intestine.
What is the pancreas?
Humans cannot extract usable energy or calories from this structural plant polysaccharide because we lack the enzyme to break its bonds.
What is cellulose (or dietary fiber)?
During intense physical exercise, your heart rate and respiration increase to supply oxygen for this metabolic cellular process.
What is cellular respiration?
The reason a frog's rate of cellular respiration drops significantly in an ice bath compared to room temperature.
What is because it is an ectotherm whose body temperature and metabolic rate drop with ambient temperature?
The type of blood vessel where O2 and CO2 gas exchange actually occurs with body cells via diffusion.
What are capillaries?
Produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, this substance emulsifies large fat droplets so water-soluble lipases can digest them.
What is bile?
Dietary fats containing double carbon bonds that keep them liquid at room temperature.
What are unsaturated fats?
Upon absorption through the villi of the small intestine, nutrients travel through this specific blood vessel directly to this major organ for processing and detoxifying.
What are the hepatic portal vein and the liver?
The two master body systems that control and coordinate thermoregulation and all other body systems via chemical and electrochemical signals.
What are the endocrine and nervous systems?
The correct order of heart chambers that deoxygenated blood flows through before heading to the lungs.
What are the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle?
This is the site where Hydrochloric Acid (HCL), pepsin, and gastric lipase are produced.
What is the stomach?
Extreme shifts in these two environmental variables can denature an enzyme, causing it to lose its 3D shape and catalytic capability.
What are temperature and pH?
Sucrose, lactose, and maltose all fall under this specific category of carbohydrates.
What are disaccharides?