Respiratory
This condition is characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea.
What is rhinitis?
This autoimmune disorder typically causes symmetric joint pain, swelling, warmth, and morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes.
What is rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
A hospitalized patient with an indwelling urinary catheter develops dysuria, urgency, suprapubic discomfort, and fever. This type of HAI is suspected.
What is CAUTI (catheter-associated urinary tract infection)?
What is Anemia?
This virus primarily targets CD4+ T lymphocytes, progressively weakening immune function.
What is HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)?
This respiratory disorder is characterized by loud snoring followed by periods of apnea during sleep and may cause excessive daytime sleepiness.
What is obstructive sleep apnea?
This disorder causes sudden, severe pain, redness, warmth, and swelling, often affecting the first metatarsophalangeal joint because of monosodium urate crystal deposition.
What is Gout?
A patient with a central venous catheter develops fever, chills, rigors, hypotension, and altered mental status. Local findings at the catheter site may be absent. What HAI should the nurse suspect?
What is CLABSI (central line-associated bloodstream infection)?
A patient has fatigue and weakness. Laboratory results show an MCV of 70 fL, low ferritin, and elevated TIBC. This type of anemia is suspected.
What is iron-deficiency anemia?
A patient develops fever, fatigue, sore throat, diffuse rash, headache, diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy about 2–4 weeks after infection. This stage of HIV is suspected.
What is acute HIV infection (Stage 1)?
This condition involves collapse of the alveoli and may present with dyspnea, cough, diminished breath sounds, and sputum production.
What is atelectasis?
A client has widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and nonrestorative sleep, without objective joint inflammation or destruction. This is most consistent with this condition.
What is Fibromyalgia?
Several days after surgery, a patient develops increasing incisional pain, erythema, warmth, purulent drainage, and fever. What HAI is most likely?
What is a surgical site infection (SSI)?
A patient has easy bruising, petechiae, and heavy menstrual bleeding with an isolated low platelet count. The condition results from immune-mediated platelet destruction.
What is immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
A patient with HIV has a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³, weight loss, night sweats, chronic diarrhea, candidiasis, and recurrent infections. What stage of HIV infection does this presentation indicate?
What is advanced HIV infection/AIDS (Stage 3)?
In this condition, microorganisms reach the lower airways and alveoli, triggering inflammation and causing alveoli to fill with fluid and cellular debris.
What is pneumonia?
A client has photosensitivity, malar rash, oral ulcers, joint pain, and fatigue. The nurse also monitors for proteinuria and other organ involvement. This autoimmune disease is suspected.
What is Lupus?
A mechanically ventilated patient develops a new/worsening oxygen requirement, fever, purulent respiratory secretions, abnormal breath sounds, and worsening chest imaging. What type of HAI should be suspected?
What is a ventilator-associated event/ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAE/VAP)?
A patient with sepsis develops petechiae, oozing from IV sites, hematuria, decreasing platelets, and abnormal coagulation. This life-threatening condition causes widespread clotting followed by consumption of platelets and clotting factors
What is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
This laboratory value reflects the amount of circulating HIV and is used to monitor the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. A decreasing value toward undetectable indicates effective viral suppression
What is the HIV viral load?
A client with this chronic respiratory disorder has persistent airflow obstruction and reports chronic cough, sputum production, and exertional dyspnea.
What is COPD?
A young adult reports gradual inflammatory back pain that is worse after rest but improves with exercise, morning stiffness, and decreased spinal mobility.
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
A patient develops antibiotic-associated diarrhea/colitis after prolonged antimicrobial therapy. This organism is an important HAI pathogen, and prevention relies heavily on antimicrobial stewardship and environmental/spore precautions.
What is Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile)?
A patient has anemia with an MCV greater than 100 fL and neurologic findings such as paresthesias and gait changes. Which deficiency should the nurse suspect?
What is vitamin B12 deficiency, and it can cause neurologic manifestations that are not typically seen with folate deficiency?
A newly diagnosed patient asks why antiretroviral therapy must be taken consistently. The nurse explains that combination therapy suppresses viral replication, supports immune recovery, and helps prevent resistance. What treatment is being described?
What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?