DNA
The monomer for DNA
What is a nucleotide?
Location where transcription takes place in eukaryotes
What is the nucleus?
(cytoplasm for prokaryotes)
Ribosomal site where peptide bond is formed between two amino acids
What is the P site?
A site in where ribosome ACCEPTS next amino acid and E site is where tRNA EXITS
Bond that links amino acids
What is a peptide bond?
Described as the breakdown of molecules
What is catabolism?
The three components of a nucleotide
What is a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous/nucleotide base, and one or more phosphate groups?
(3' hydroxyl group too)
Direction that RNA Polymerase reads DNA and direction of synthesis
What is it reads 3' to 5' and synthesizes 5' to 3'?
(adding bases to 3' end of growing strand)
The Central Dogma
What is DNA -> RNA -> Protein?
Level of protein structure for overall 3D shape of protein
What is a tertiary structure? - this is governed by R group interactions and secondary structures and hydrophobic/hydrophilic groups
(primary is just sequence of amino acids, secondary is local protein conformation - alpha helices and beta sheets, and quaternary is number and arrangements of multiple proteins)
Helps to assist proper folding of polypeptides to become functional proteins
What is a chaperonin?
Enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA during replication
What is DNA Polymerase?
3 steps of transcription
What is initiation, elongation, and termination?
(same as translation)
Carries amino acids to ribosome for translation
What is tRNA?
One function of a protein
What is structural support, transporters, enzymes, or signaling?
When a protein loses its structure and therefore its function due to an unfavorable environment
What is denaturation?
Result of DNA replication
What are two identical daughter strands?
One form of RNA processing in order to become mRNA
What is a 5' methylated cap, a 3' poly-A tail, or intron splicing
When stop codon is entered this enters A site to dissociate the ribosome and stop translation
What is a release factor?
3 components of an amino acid
What is a carboxyl group, amino group, and a hydrogen?
(and a variable R group)
Reaction that joins together monomers - anabolic and endergonic
What is dehydration synthesis?
(water is a byproduct)
Bond that links backbone of nucleotides
Bonus: Bond that links nitrogenous bases
What is a phosphodiester bond?
Bonus: What is a Hydrogen bond?
This associates with RNA polymerase to facilitate binding to promoters
What is a transcription factor?
(sigma factor in prokaryotes and activator proteins/mediator complex/enhancer sequence/transcriptional activators in eukaryotes)
Catalyzes formation of covalent bond between amino acid and tRNA
What is a tRNA synthetase?
Only amino acid that can form disulfide bridges
What is Cysteine?
Part of protein that decides where protein is destined to go
What is a signal sequence?