Introduction
Rebellions and uprisings against the emperor’s rule and centralized authority multiplied during these years, rooted in 2 issues.
religious and political
According to Páez, the new viceroy of the kingdom of Təgray's attitude towards Jesuits.
Positive
Based on the letter, what change was happening in the emperor’s own spiritual beliefs?
He was becoming increasingly enthusiastic and supportive of the Christian (Catholic) faith.
Who does the emperor rely on to investigate the truth about the Roman fathers and report back to him?
Śəʿälä Krəstos
From the Annual Letter of the Province of Goa, 1615, the doctrines concerning triggers a "great rebellion."
statement of two natures in the Lord Christ
The language in the official communication and documentation of the Catholic Church. (100)
2 main goals for writing the Annual Letters. (50 each)
Latin
1. Exchange information among missionaries
2. Reporting to Jesuits' superiors.
The party seized the property that belonged to the Portuguese.
Turks
What does the letter suggest about how monks and courtiers responded to Catholic teaching?
many felt persuaded by it and felt it matched what they believed to be true
Whose Gospel commentaries are translated and read out loud, and impressed the nobles and monks so much that they judged them as “more perfect than the rest”?
The commentaries of Father Maldonado
According to "leaders of the sedition", the emperor's royal authority remained only through two reasons: (100 each)
protection of fathers and the defense provided by the Portuguese.
From an early stage in his rule, Emperor Susənyos adopted a pro-Catholic policy for 2 reasons. (75each)
After 1632, the new Emperor Fasilädäs made 1 new rule and applied 1 diplomatic strategy. (75each)
Emperor Susənyos (regime 1607-1632):
1. He considered the Roman Church as his spiritual kin and stressed the common denominators both traditions shared.
2. He asked the pope to support Ethiopia, which faced the threat posed by the non-Christian Oromo.
Emperor Fasilädäs:
1. He banished the Society of Jesus.
2. Fear of the Portuguese, he sent three different embassies to Muslim countries
According to Páez, which group of rebels in Tegray were forgiven by the emperor after Páez interceded for them?
The rebel nobles of Tǝgray.
A gift with a specific sign used by the emperors of this country. Indicate the sign.
The Lion
Why did Ethiopian nobles and monks think Maldonado’s Gospel interpretation would be especially useful for correcting local religious debates?
Because they said it explained things with the clarity Ethiopian texts lacked, specifically on topics “the monks raise new doubts about every day.”
Father António Fernandes, who was sent by order of Emperor Susənyos, endured troubles and challenges on his journey.
Who helped Father António Fernandes (100)
Who challenged him (100), and why (100)
Help:
1. A very loyal member of the Oromo became Father's guide.
2. Residence in the kingdom of Goǧǧam welcomed Father.
Challenges:
1. Father was held with all his associates in the kingdom of Kämbata.
2. In the region of Hadiya, a Moor named Mänkər was unfriendly to Father António Fernandes.
Why:
A rumor said Father's mission may expel the Moors from Ethiopia, and drive the Oromo into servitude.
Friar Manoel de Asunção, a member of the Augustinian Eremites, indicated 1 political reason for Jesuits' failure and offered 1 missionary strategy to proceed from there. (200 each)
The land the Jesuits received from the emperor conflicted with the interests of other sectors of the local nobility.
The theology of enculturation: to incorporate the rites and ceremonies of the local church in the evangelization process.
According to Páez, which group did the emperor try to enslave after they refused to pay tribute?
Who were the Christian Gongas?
What does the letter show about the emotional impact of Catholic rituals on the people who witnessed them?
The rituals deeply moved people, even bringing some to tears, and made them admire the Roman style of worship.
In the big public debate over whether Christ has two natures, what does the emperor finally decide everyone in Ethiopia should do with Śəʿälä Krəstos’s position?
he declares Śəʿälä Krəstos’s view to be the truth, orders it to be preached, and expects everyone to accept it as the correct faith.
The old Ethiopian custom of the purification of birth.
According to Ethiopian traditions, boys are baptized once they have lived for forty days, and girls eighty days after birth.
Two major events in 1622 shifted the direction of the Catholic mission in Ethiopia. One was the creation of a new Roman organization, and one was the death of a key Jesuit. Name both.
What is the creation of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith and the death of Pedro Páez?
Which Ethiopian scholar does Páez describe as the most learned man in the kingdom?
Who is Bəʿələ Krəstos?
Why does the letter suggest that conversions among high ranking nobles were especially important for the spread of the Roman faith?
Because nobles publicly endorsed Jesuit teaching and defended it before the king, making acceptance of the Roman faith more credible and legitimate.
After all the disputes and the Abunä’s excommunication, what is the final decision the emperor makes about the Roman faith and the fathers right to preach in Ethiopia?
He cancels the Abunä’s attack, backs the fathers, and gives them freedom to spread the Roman faith to all without punishment.
1 gender group and 1 religious group were against the emperor's protection of the Roman faith (100 each).
3 kings were the enemies in the difficult war that the emperor himself had undertaken (100 each).
Females related to the royal family (2 of the emperor’s sisters). Monks.
The first king ruled over the Oromo; the second king was the ruler of the Jews; another man whose name was Gedewon.