Godzilla
Great Council
1. Parliament
John Wycliffe
1. Oxford professor
2. Lollards: attacked Church teachings
Simon de Montfort
1. leader of the nobles
2. called Great Council; invited 2 knights from every shire
shire
1. county
2. returned 2 knights to Parliament
York
1. white rose
2. Richard III
Bosworth Field
1. 1485
2. Ended Wars of the Roses
3. Lancaster victory
Wars of the Roses
1. civil war among nobles
2. York vs. Lancaster
3. Henry Tudor won at Bosworth Field
House of Commons
1. 2 knights from every shire
2. 2 burgesses from every town
3. lower House
Canterbury Tales
1. 1387
2. Geoffrey Chaucer
3. earliest great work in English
Harold
1. Anglo-Saxon King of England
2. defeated 1066
3. by William of Normandy
House of Lords
1. prelates (bishops)
2. nobles
3. Upper House
*King John
1. brother of Richard I
2. 1199-1216
3. forced by nobles to grant charter of rights
trial by jury
1. replaced trial by ordeal
2. Henry II
Richard I
1. reigned 1189-1199
2. as seen in Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe
3. went on 3rd Crusade
Witenagemot
1. "meeting of wise men"
2. king's council of nobles and high clergy
the Black Death
1. reached England in 1348
2. death rate 1 in 4
3. serfs became wage-earning farm workers
Lancaster
1. red rose
2. Henry Tudor
William the Norman
1. defeated King Harold
2. 1066
3. Norman conquest of England
Crecy
1. 1346
2. English victory
3. won by yeomen with bows
4. upending of feudal order
5. first use of gunpowder in war
Parliament (1265)
1. Henry III
2. preceded by moots & witenagemot
3. Simon de Montfort
4. nobles & prelates: House of Lords
5. knights & burgesses: House of Commons
6. increasing control of taxation & spending
Henry Tudor
1. led Lancastrians
2. defeated King Richard III
3. at Bosworth Field
4. King Henry VII
5. able governor
6. married Elizabeth of York, reconciling houses
Calais
1. last Continental possession of England by 1500
2. French port city
Norman Conquest (1066)
1. English King Harold defeated
2. at Hastings
3. by Duke William of Normandy
4. another 5 years to complete conquest
5. new kings, new culture, new language
Henry II
1. reigned 1154-1189
2. strengthened central govt of England
3. the Exchequer
4. circuit judges: uniform law
5. trial by jury
6. Angevin; Plantagenet
Magna Carta
1. Great Charter: 1215
2. rights of English noble & freemen
3. King John
4. no new taxes w/o consent
5. justice not sold, delayed, or denied
6. habeas corpus
7. trial by peers