Structure & Function
Which statement best describes function?
A. How a biological part is built
B. The job a biological part performs
C. The color of a biological part
D. The size of an organism
B. The job a biological part performs
Put the levels of organization in the correct order from smallest to largest.
A. Cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
B. Organ → cell → tissue → organism → system
C. Tissue → cell → organ system → organ → organism
D. Cell → organ → tissue → organism → system
A. Cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
Which organelle is most closely associated with producing ATP during cellular respiration?
A. Cell wall
B. Nucleus only
C. Mitochondrion
D. Ribosome only
C. Mitochondrion
What is the main result of mitosis?
A. Two genetically similar daughter cells
B. One larger organ
C. Four different organisms
D. A new species
A. Two genetically similar daughter cells
A red blood cell's biconcave shape gives it a large surface area and flexibility. Which function does this structure help most directly?
A. Carry oxygen through small blood vessels
B. Digest food
C. Send electrical signals
D. Produce hormones
A. Carry oxygen through small blood vesselsnes
A group of similar cells working together forms a...
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Organ system
D. Organism
A. Tissue
Muscle cells use ATP mainly to help them —
A. Carry oxygen in blood
B. Make bones
C. Contract
D. Detect light
C. Contract
What is differentiation?
A. Cells becoming specialized for different jobs
B. Cells disappearing completely
C. DNA leaving the cell
D. Organs becoming smaller
A. Cells becoming specialized for different jobs
Which pairing correctly matches structure with function?
A. Neuron — long axon — sends signals over distance
B. Muscle cell — no contractile proteins — movement
C. Lung — thick solid wall — gas exchange
D. Bone — soft tissue — protection
A. Neuron — long axon — sends signals over distance
Which model correctly connects a muscle cell to a whole organism?
A. Muscle cell → muscle tissue → heart → circulatory system → human
B. Heart → muscle cell → tissue → human
C. Human → heart → cell → tissue
D. Muscle cell → human → heart → system
A. Muscle cell → muscle tissue → heart → circulatory system → human
If airway cilia do not move mucus effectively, which organism-level problem is most likely?
A. Mucus buildup and coughing
B. Stronger bones
C. Faster digestion
D. Improved vision
D. To increase the number of body cells
A. Mucus buildup and coughing
Why does a growing multicellular organism need mitosis?
A. To increase the number of body cells
B. To make every cell a different species
C. To stop cell growth
D. To remove all DNA
A. To increase the number of body cells
The small intestine contains many folds and villi. Why does this structure help its function?
A. It decreases surface area
B. It increases surface area for nutrient absorption
C. It makes the intestine shorter
D. It prevents movement of nutrients
B. It increases surface area for nutrient absorption
During exercise, the respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs and the circulatory system carries it to muscle cells. What does this show?
A. Organ systems work independently
B. Organ systems interact to perform complex functions
C. Only the circulatory system matters
D. Cells do not depend on organ systems
B. Organ systems interact to perform complex functions
Which chain best relates a cellular process to a whole-body function?
A. Cellular respiration → ATP → muscle contraction → movement
B. Mitosis → oxygen → photosynthesis → running
C. Digestion → neuron → bone → breathing
D. Cell wall → ATP → heart valve → thinking
A. Cellular respiration → ATP → muscle contraction → movement
A developing organism has many new cells, but none become specialized. What would most likely happen?
A. It would have difficulty forming functional tissues and organs
B. It would automatically become healthier
C. All cells would perform every job equally well
D. It would no longer need DNA
A. It would have difficulty forming functional tissues and organs
A student says, 'The lungs work well because they contain millions of tiny alveoli.' What reasoning best completes the claim?
A. Many alveoli create a large surface area for gas exchange
B. Alveoli make the lungs heavier
C. Alveoli prevent oxygen from entering blood
D. Alveoli are large bones that support the chest
A. Many alveoli create a large surface area for gas exchange
A model shows lungs → blood → muscles. Which revision would make the model stronger?
A. Add arrows showing oxygen moving from lungs to blood to muscle cells
B. Remove all arrows
C. Label every part 'organ'
D. Replace muscles with a plant leaf
A. Add arrows showing oxygen moving from lungs to blood to muscle cells
A person experiences muscle weakness. Why would it be poor scientific reasoning to immediately conclude that mitochondria are the only cause?
A. Muscle weakness never involves cells
B. Mitochondria are not found in muscle cells
C. One organism-level symptom can have several possible cellular or tissue causes
D. Organism-level symptoms are always imaginary
One organism-level symptom can have several possible cellular or tissue causes
Which model best explains how mitosis and differentiation work together?
A. Mitosis makes more cells → differentiation creates specialized cells → specialized cells form tissues and organs
B. Differentiation destroys cells → mitosis removes organs
C. Mitosis creates organs directly with no cells
D. Differentiation makes all cells identical
A. Mitosis makes more cells → differentiation creates specialized cells → specialized cells form tissues and organs