European Exploration
What were the three "G's" of European exploration?
God, Glory, and Gold
Who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe? What happened to him?
Ferdinand Magellan
He died in the Philipines during a battle in the civil conflict of the natives, his crewmates finished out the rest of the trip.
What title did Tokugawa Ieyasu give himself?
Shogun
What were Spanish explorers in the Americas called?
Conquistadors
What economic system grew in Europe as a result of merchants investing in overseas trading?
Capitalism
List 4 technologies that made European exploration possible, what did each one do?
Caravel (sailing ships that could travel long distances)
Triangular sails (could handle strong winds at sea)
Astrolabe (tool that helped sailors navigate using the sun and stars)
Compass (helped determine direction N/S/E/W)
Which dynasty ruled China from 1368-1644? Who founded it?
Ming Dynasty
Hongwu
What was the Encomienda System?
Who claimed Mexico for Spain? What empire did he defeat?
Hernando Cortes
Aztec Empire
How did the slave trade affect Africa? How did the slave trade affect America?
Africa: Families runined, guns introduced
Americas: successful colonies, introduced African culture, and Africans were introduced to America
Both grew in wealth and power
What was the first country to start trying to find new trade routes?
Portugal
Why did Yonglo send out voyages to explore the world outside China? Who led the voyages?
He wanted to impress the world with the amount of power and wealth China had, while also making it grow by having others pay tribute to China.
Zheng He
Who conquered the Incan Empire?
Francisco Pizarro
Why did Europeans become interested in using Africans as slaves? List 3 reasons
-They were immune to European diseases
-They already knew how to farm
-They didn't know the land and so they couldn't run away
What kind of businesses did capitalism create?
Joint-Stock Companies
Who was the first European to reach the Cape of Good Hope? What country did he sail for?
Bartolomeu Dias
Portugal
What group took over China in 1644? What dynasty did they found?
Manchus
The Qing Dynasty
European diseases were catastrophic to Native Americans.
They had no immunity to the new diseases so they spread and killed way faster and harsher than they did in Europe.
How many Africans were taken to the Americas as part of the Atlantic Slave Trade? What percentage did not survive the trip?
10-12 Million
20%
What is mercantilism?
An economic theory states that a nation's power depends on its wealth, so nations should make themselves as wealthy as possible.
Who was the first European to sail to India? What country was he from?
Vasco da Gama
Portugal
What was the name of the civil war in Japan that lasted from 1467 to 1568? Who finally unified Japan?
Sengoku
Tokugawa Ieyasu
List and describe the 5 levels of Japanese society during the Tokugawa Shogunate.
1st Emperor: Figurehead & Shogun: held the real power, the true ruler
2nd Warriors (Daimyo & Samurai)
3rd Farmers and Craftsmen
4th Merchants
5th The Eta (social outcasts)
Define the Columbian Exchange
The transfer of foods, plants, diseases, and animals during the colonization of the Americas by Europeans.
Identify four items that were shared from each hemisphere as a result of the Columbian Exchange
New World: Corn, Potatoes, Tomatoes, Chocolate, Turkeys, Tobacco, Rubber
Old World: Bananas, Onions, Grains (wheat, rice, etc), Livestock (cows, pigs, etc.), Citrus Fruits, Apples, Grapes, Smallpox, Influenza, Typhus, Measles, Malaria