True or False
Endurance trained muscles have oxidative enzyme activities that are greater than those scene in muscles of untrained subjects
True
List incorrect order the three structures increased as a result of chronically stimulating a muscle as with endurance training
Capillaries, myoglobin, mitochondria
Oxygen is converted to this compound in the final step of the electron transport chain
H2O
Pyruvate has two primary fates:
Acetyl coa and lactate
In slow type 1 muscle fibers lactate dehydrogenase favors what direction of the pyruvate lactate reaction
Lactate to pyruvate
The conversion of pyruvate to lactate is a result of the lack of oxygen
False
The logic behind the increases in these structures is to increase the use of ____ to provide ____ for sustained repetitive muscle contraction
Oxygen, ATP
The conversion of pyruvate to lactate generates:
NAD+
In response to a decrease in weight-bearing such as what might be seen during spaceflight prolonged bedrest and limb casting which two changes are most likely to occur
Decrease in fiber CSA and increase in fast type two characteristics
The conversion pyruvate to lactate does not require oxygen
True
What enzyme catalyze the above reaction (metabolism)
Myosin atpase
According to lecture lactate is
An intermediate
As a result of the changes described above muscle will generate less ___ and be more ___
Force, fatiguable
Once pyruvate is converted to lactate the potential energy is lost in this dead end metabolite
False
The common entry point into oxidative metabolism for fat and carbohydrate is
Acetyl coa
Lactate is converted to glucose in the reversal of glycolysis known as glucoses genesis in what tissue
Liver
In response to the biological aging process which two changes in muscle are most likely to occur
Decrease in fiber CSA and decrease in fast type 2 characteristics
The Krebbs cycle yields significant energy in the form of ATP
False
The Krebs cycle primarily guilds to specific compounds, substrates for the electron transport chain, which are:
NADH and FADH2
In fast type 2x muscle fibers lactate dehydrogenase favors what direction of the pyruvate lactate reaction
Pyruvate to lactate
As a result of the changes described above muscle will generate less
Force