I'm just here so I won't get deFINED
defined as complete loss of ability to smell
What is anosmia?
Most studies examining intranasal corticosteroid treatment for post-COVID olfactory dysfunction found this
What is no benefit/very limited evidence available?
This is the most common cause of olfactory dysfunction
What are sinonasal conditions?
(upper respiratory tract infection, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps)
Dysfunction in smell and taste occurs this often in COVID patients
What is 40-50%?
Patients should be referred to otolaryngology for objective testing of olfactory or gustatory function in refractory cases or if they have depression, poor sleep, dementia, unintentional weight loss, or malnutrition.
What is a SORT B recommendation?
(case series of 602 patients, multiple observational studies)
defined as complete loss of ability to taste
What is ageusia?
Hazardous events occur this much more often in those with olfactory dysfunction
What is 2-3x?
These are 3 neurodegenerative causes of olfactory dysfunction
What are:
Alzheimer disease
Idiopathic/familial Parkinson disease
Lewy Body dementia
Multisystem atrophy
Huntington disease
Wilson disease
Friedreich ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxia (types 2 and 3)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Recovery of smell and taste after COVID occurred for most by this time
What is 7 days?
more than 80% recovered by three months
Physicians should counsel patients with olfactory dysfunction about the risks of occupational chemical exposure, adherence to food expiration dates, signs of food spoilage, and home fire and explosive gas monitoring.
What is a SORT C recommendation?
(expert opinion and a cross-sectional study)
defined as distorted taste perception (triggered by a taste stimulus)
What is dysgeusia?
Smell and taste disorders can affect this, which may lead to chronic disease
What are food consumption habits?
These are three causes/categories of olfactory dysfunction (as defined by the article)
What are:
sinonasal conditions, head trauma, neurodegenerative conditions, medications, intoxicants or illicit substances, toxins, chronic medical conditions, structural or mechanical conditions, nutritional deficiencies, postsurgical state, postradiation, congenital conditions, psychiatric conditions, endocrine conditions, autoimmune/inflammatory conditions
Recovery of olfactory function after this ranges from 10% to 35% but is less common than after infection and depends on the severity
What is head trauma?
Olfactory training should be offered to patients with persistently poor quality of life due to olfactory dysfunction.
What is a SORT A recommendation?
(consistent evidence from multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies, showing clinically significant improvement after viruses and other etiologies)
defined as distorted odor perception (triggered by a stimulus)
What is parosmia?
Phantosmia and parosmia are commonly associated with this etiology
What is posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction?
These 2 substances/illicit drugs can lead to olfactory dysfunction
What are alcohol dependence and cocaine use?
After smoking cessation, olfactory function takes this long to return to levels consistent w/ nonsmokers
What is 15 years?
(likely vascular etiology; unknown. tracks 15-20yr risk of CAD and vascular death)
This many with Parkinson disease have smell impairment
What is >95%?
defined as gustatory hallucination (occurs without a stimulus)
What is phantogeusia?
This type of olfactory dysfunction predicts five-year mortality
What is presbyosmia? (age-related)
These are three causes/categories of gustatory dysfunction (as defined by the article)
What are:
poor oral hygeine, infection/inflammation
oral appliances
postsurgical state
radiation
nutritional
medications
head trauma
toxins
chronic medical conditions (renal/hepatic failure, cancer, HIV, complicated DM2)
This has shown clinically significant improvement for posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction
What is olfactory training?
Olfactory changes in Parkinson may precede motor symptoms by this much time
What is four to six years?
(disease severity of Parksinson and Alzheimer correlates with severity of smell and taste loss)