Who's who
Established the "Colored Christian Singers," to tour as a means to fund raise for the Tennessee HBCU, Fisk University
Who is George White?
African American sacred music from the Antebellum Period
What are Spirituals?
African instrument originally believed to created by Joel Walker Sweeney
What is the Banjo?
a smaller vocal ensemble that sings four-part harmony arrangements in either an a cappella style or with limited instrumentation
What is a Quartet?
Several contrasting rhythms played or sung simultaneously
What are Polyrhythms?
An early black demographic of African and French descent.
Who are Creoles?
The choir that first performed arranged spirituals in 1871
Who are the Fisk Jubilee Singers?
an integral better of daily life that aided to the survival of the enslaved African
What is music?
Characterized by a focus of performing religious music, this the first period of Quartet music.
What is the Jubilee Period?
What is call-response?
Established the independent African Methodist Episcopal (AME) congregation and set the stage for the growth of the spiritual in the North
Who is Richard Allen?
Clandestine gatherings in spaces designated for purposes other than worship
What are invisible churches?
The string instrument aside from the banjo that was often associated with dance music
What is the fiddle?
A prominent African American popular music, that was inspired by Quartet performance and musical practice.
What is Rhythm & Blues?
The combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes to produce chords
What is Harmony?
Performed the first concert entirely comprised of Negro spirituals, as a way of challenging oppression
Who is Paul Robeson?
Metrical compositions in strophic form, typically eight bars of rhyming couplets, loosely based on biblical scripture
What are Hymns?
short, florid, improvised melody sung by an individual working in the fields
What are Field Hollers?
First observed in the 1880s, these community-based quartets harmonized spirituals, folk songs, and popular songs of the era.
What are Barbershop Quartets?
The quality of sound that distinguishes different voices or instruments from one another
What is timbre?
pronounced: tam-ber
An ideological group that protests Chatel Slavery by centering the suffering of the enslaved. Aiming to combat the pervasive image of minstrelsy
Who are Abolitionists?
A highly stylized group dance that incorporates call and response singing, hand clapping and other percussion
Ring Shout
a tradition of improvised derisive singing, often satirical in nature when in front of Whites/Europeans
What are Protest Songs?
Underpinned by the Great Migration, this era is marked by shifts in performance practices and the expansion of the repertoire of most quartets.
What is the Transition Period?
What is syncopation?