Acids & Bases
What type of substance tastes sour and turns blue litmus paper red?
What is an acid
This is the term for a solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature.
What is a saturated solution?
The substance in a solution that is present in the largest amount, such as water in saltwater.
What is a solvent?
Matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, it simply changes form.
What is the Law of Conservation of Matter?
This type of reaction involves two or more reactants combining to form a single, more complex product.
What is a synthesis (or combination) reaction?
According to the Arrhenius definition, this type of substance produces hydroxide ions (OH−cap O cap H raised to the negative power) when dissolved in water.
What is a base?
If you are comparing the solubility curves of two different substances on the same graph, this substance is more soluble at any given temperature.
What is the substance whose curve is higher on the graph
A measure of how much solute can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature.
What is solubility?
During a chemical reaction, the total mass of these substances on the left side of the equation must equal the total mass of the products.
What are the reactants?
A compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances during this type of reaction.
What is a decomposition reaction?
This is the name for the acid that is produced in your stomach to aid in digestion.
What is hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
For most solid solutes, the solubility curve shows that solubility generally does this as temperature increases.
What is increase?
The process that occurs when a solute dissolves in a solvent, with particles of the solute separating and being surrounded by solvent molecules.
What is solvation (or dissolving)?
During a chemical reaction, the total mass of these substances on the right side of the equation must equal the total mass of the reactants.
What are Products?
The general form for this reaction is A+BC→AC+Bcap A plus cap B cap C right arrow cap A cap C plus cap B, where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive one from a compound.
What is a single replacement (or single displacement) reaction?
This term describes a substance, such as water, that can act as both an acid and a base.
What is neutral?
To find out how many grams of a solute will dissolve in 100 grams of water at a specific temperature, you would read this value on the y-axis.
What is the point where the temperature line intersects with the solubility curve?
The property of a solution that causes it to have a lower freezing point and a higher boiling point than the pure solvent.
What are colligative properties?
If you mix 10 grams of baking soda and 20 grams of vinegar in a closed container, the mass of the resulting mixture will be this amount.
What is 30 grams?
Also known as a metathesis reaction, this occurs when two ionic compounds swap cations to form two new compounds, often creating a precipitate.
What is a double replacement (or double displacement) reaction?
A concentrated acid can be described by this term, meaning it can cause severe burns or destroy other materials.
What is corrosive?
Given a solubility curve, you are asked how many grams of potassium nitrate will remain undissolved in 100 g of water at 30°C if you add 80 g of it. The curve shows that only 48 g will dissolve at that temperature.
What is 32 grams? (80g added - 48g dissolved)
The term for a solution that contains more dissolved solute than is normally possible at a specific temperature, often prepared by cooling a saturated solution.
What is a supersaturated solution?
Matter is defined as anything that has mass and this property.
What is volume?
This reaction features a hydrocarbon and oxygen as reactants and produces carbon dioxide and water.
What is a combustion reaction?