Biology
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
what charges do protons, neutrons, and electrons have?
protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative.
what is the definition of friction?
when two objects rub against each other it creates friction, one object loses electrons and the other gains electrons. Electrons that gain electrons will become negative and vice versa.
What is the difference between Biotic and A-Biotic?
Biotic is living
A-biotic is Non-living
What is the the nucleus and what is its job?
The nucleus is considered the control center of the cell and has a set of instructions that will determine what the cell will become
what are the 3 states of matter and how do each of their particles move?
solid, liquid, and gas. Particles vibrate in a fixed shape in solids, particles slide past each other and take the shape of the container in liquids, and particles move freely and don’t have a fixed shape in glasses.
what is the difference between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC)?
alternating current reverses in direction and travels faster than direct current which flows in one direction.
What are the 4 main spheres?
Atmosphere, Geosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere
What is a chromosome and what is its structure?
A chromosome is when an eukaryotic cell is ready to split, the chromatin coils up into a chromosome; chromosomes are thread structured made up off DNA tightly coiled up around proteins called histones, they are also x-shaped structures
what is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change?
in a chemical change atoms of one or more pure substances are rearranged to form different substances. A physical change is measured without changing the matter’s chemical properties.
what are conductors and insulators and what are some examples?
conductors are a material that electric charges can move through and an example is metal. Insulators are a material that charges cannot travel through and an example is rubber.
How does the ocean heat up?
Great ocean conveyer belt redistributes heat in the oceans around the globe.
What are mutations and what is the difference between a positive and negative mutation?
A mutation is a change in order of nitrogenous bases (A,C,T or G) in a gene. They have positive, negative or neutral impacts on the organisms.
Positive mutations: Its beneficial to an organism
Negative mutations: Harmful to an organism and decreases its chances of survival
how do covalent and ionic compounds form?
covalent compounds form when two or more atoms share a pair of electrons. Ionic compounds form when two or more atoms gain or lose electrons to form an ion.
what is the definition of electrical power and what are the equations?
it is the rate of change in electrical energy and the power rating of a load is equal to the amount of electrical energy transformed per second. Equations are p=v*i, e=p*t.
Greenhouse gases are in the earths atmosphere, and are absorbed by solar energy.
Water vapor: Most abundant, comes from evaporation given off by organisms.
Carbon dioxide: Released from volcanos forest fires, oceans, living organisms
Methane: Cow farts, opening up in the earths crust
Nitrous oxide: produced by some bacteria.
How is prophase 1 different from prophase 2?
Prophase 1 is when the nuclear membrane begins to disappear when paired, DNA condenses into duplicated chromosomes and homologous chromosomes are paired while prophase 2 is when the nuclear membrane begins to disappear and DNA exists as chromosomes
what are the 7 diatomic elements and what are their formulas?
oxygen (O2 ), nitrogen (N2), chlorine (Cl2), bromine (Br2), fluorine (F2), iodine (I2), and hydrogen (H2).
what is sustainability, how can you increase, and what are some examples?
being sustainable is when you meet our needs without harming the environment around us for the future generation. You can increase it by conserving energy and increasing energy efficiency. Examples include energy-efficient light bulbs.
What are the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles and why is the phosphorus cycle different from the carbon and nitrogen cycles?
Carbon cycle: Its natures way of reusing carbon atoms which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the earth and then back into the atmosphere then over and over again.
Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen is needed for making proteins and most organisms cant use nitrogen in the air, it must be fixed by nitrogen fixing bacteria's.
Phosphorus cycle: Phosphorus cycle describes the transformation of phosphorus in soil, water, and living and dead organisms.
The phosphorus cycle is different because all the organisms need it but not all organisms need nitrogen or carbon. Organisms need phosphorus because they need it to make sugar-phosphate and ATP (energy for cells). Also vertebrates need phosphorus to make healthy and strong bones.