Founding Fathers
"Discovered" classical conditioning by making dogs salivate at the sound of a bell.
Pavlov
You started placing demands on a child and the child asked for a break. You gave him a break. What type of reinforcement is this?
Negative Reinforcement; he/she escaped the aversive stimulus of work
These are Skinner's 6 types of Elementary Verbal operants. You must name all 6 for a correct; this is on an FR6.
Echoics, Mand, Intraverbal, Tact, Textual, Transcription
A child frequently tantrums when toys are removed and he has to do work. Name 3 antecedent strategies you can use to prevent the tantrum beforehand? FR3.
Acceptable answers: priming, prompting the replacement behavior before the tantrum occurs (FCT), using a visual schedule, giving choices, doing a preference assessment before you do work, premack principle, etc.
When you go to the grocery store, you must buy a certain number of food items. Let's say the most recent time was 16 things you bought. Then you have to do an additional step of going to the register and paying for everything. What schedule of reinforcement might "walking out of the grocery store" be on?
FR17 - 16 things to put in the cart, plus paying.
We could get more technical, but we'll leave it at that.
Pretty much a BIG father of modern ABA. Radical Behaviorism was his big break.
Skinner
You sometimes give a token after the 1st correct response, sometimes the 3rd, and sometimes the 2nd. What schedule of reinforcement is this?
Variable Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement
You ask a kiddo who his favorite teacher is. He tells you his favorite teacher is Mrs. Applebaum. What verbal operant was your question, and what verbal operate was the kid's response?
Your question was a mand for information.
The response was an intraverbal.
Give an example of the difference between differential reinforcement of an incompatible behavior (DRI) versus differential reinforcement of an alternative (DRA) behavior.
DRI-teaching the child to hug a person when he gets upset
You play a slot machine at the casino and it pays you money back sometimes every 3rd time, sometimes every 5th time, and sometimes every 4th time. What schedule of reinforcement might slot machines be using? (answer need not be number specific).
Variable Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement
The guy who did the Little Albert experiment; made some poor kid associate a rat with a loud unpleasant noise, and thus the kid became terrified of rats.
Watson
You provide hugs and kisses every seven minutes to decrease attention seeking behaviors. What's this called?
Noncontingent Reinforcement
This verbal operant must have point to point correspondence and formal similarity to be considered an....
Echoic
When a child has tantrums and the maintaining reinforcer has been determined to be attention, what should be implemented as a consequence strategy? What should be implemented as an antecedent strategy?
Consequence Acceptable Answers: Attention Extinction, DRA-prompting mand attention after using attention extinction
Antecedent Acceptable Answers: NCR, Mand Attention, Functional Communication Training
When you stop at the traffic light, the amount of time you have to wait isn't always the same before you can finally hit the gas pedal. What schedule of reinforcement might this be on?
Variable Interval
Your bread and butter; he is the founder of DTT. You should be thanking him everyday.
When you reinforce mand removals 40% of the time at home, but at school you reinforce them 60% of the time, so the child mands 60% more at school then at home. What's this principle called? You can also give the name of the schedule of reinforcement for a correct response.
Matching Law OR Concurrent Schedules of Reinforcement
Give an example of an extended mand.
Examples; telling the signal light to hurry up and turn green; telling your car to 'please turn on'; wishing out loud that you wish it would rain.
A child becomes aggressive with the therapist when she begins having him do work. As soon as he starts becoming aggressive, the BT prompts him to say 'can i have a break?' However, the aggression hasn't decreased at all in over two weeks, and she keeps prompting him to ask for a break when he gets aggressive. What can the therapist do to improve her use of consequence strategies for the BIP in place?
Put the aggression on extinction, since the function appears to be escape, and continue placing demands when the aggression occurs (this would be escape extinction for this example). She shouldn't prompt him to ask for a break until he has complied with demands and at least 5-7 seconds have passed since the last instance of aggression.
You told your neighbor you would be cleaning their backyard, but when you went to visit them, you totally forgot and they told you not to worry about it. However, you felt terrible and now you never forget to clean their backyard when you visit. They always make you a nice lunch afterward when you do. How could we describe this in terms of reinforcement and punishment? Give at least 2 examples.
Punishment: The feeling 'terrible' could have acted as a punisher to the not cleaning their backyard, and now you always clean it.
Negative Reinforcement: You want to escape future 'feeling terrible' so you always clean their backyard.
Positive Reinforcement: They always make you a nice lunch when you clean their yard, plus it makes you feel fuzzy inside.
You use incidental teaching (aka, NATS) to incorporate learning opportunities into the natural environment. But who were the researchers who broke it into multiple components?
McGee, Daly, and Jacobs (1994)
You might give a token after 5 correct responses, OR you might give a token after the next correct response after 2 minutes have passed. What's the schedule of reinforcement called?
Alternative Schedules of Reinforcement
Name at least 2 Tact Extensions and give an example of one of them. FR3.
Solistic-the candy eats yummy; you spoke good; the early worm gets the bird
Metaphorical- the sun is smiling; "that was cold"
Metonymical- you see a cup and say 'water'; you see a bird and say 'flying'; you see a car and say 'driving'
Generic- you go to Costco and say 'Trader Joe's also has good food'
You're a case manager and you are collecting ABC data on a behavior. Across 4 sessions, it occurred 10 times when the antecedent was demand, 9 times when the child was alone, 10 times when the child was denied access, and 11 times when he was playing normally with you. What is the possible function of the behavior?
Results are inconclusive; or it's automatic reinforcement
You have a friend with OCD who washes their hands too frequently (over 30 times a day). The skin on their hands is raw from the scrubbing. You want to reduce their hand washing, but not eliminate it entirely. If I tell my friend I'll take them out to lunch if they only wash their hands 15 times or less in a day, what am I using?
Differential Reinforcement of Diminishing Rates