Fundamentals of Behavior Change (D)
The behavior analyst used an extinction procedure to decrease the frequency of Yolanda's skin picking by applying lotion to Yolanda’s arms. She clearly preferred the feeling of picking dry skin and a drastic decrease in the behavior occurred. Which of the following stimulus changes appeared to be the maintaining variable to Yolanda’s skin picking behavior?
A) Automatic
B) Access to lotion
C) Attention from the behavior analyst
D) Escape lotion
To conduct Functional Communication Training, you must use all of the following procedures except:
A) Non-Contingent Reinforcement
B) Extinction
C) Reinforcement
D) Functional Assessment
Sasha struggles to attend to the behavior technician for longer than 1 minute. As the behavior analyst you are going to collect some baseline data before intervening. What measure would provide the most helpful data in this situation?
A) Rate
B) Duration
C) Latency
D) Inter-response time
Fatima has been in her room for hours. Her mom says “Fatima, you have 1 hour you can go play before bed.” She runs to the park and sees a slide. She slides down repeatedly. Which of the following is most likely a motivating operation in this example for running to the park?
A) Her mother's statement
B) Activity deprivation
C) The sight of the slide
D) Hunger
You completed an 8 step task analysis for brushing hair. Following an initial assessment of mastery level, you identify that Viktoria is able to complete the first 3 steps of the task analysis without assistance. When using a backward chaining procedure, which step will likely require prompting first?
A) Step 1
B) Step 3
C) Step 4
D) Step 8
You are helping Leo lean how to boil an egg. What may be your first step in helping Leo?
A) Construct a task analysis.
B) Learn to boil an egg yourself.
C) Create a behavior chain.
D) Assess the learner's current ability to boil an egg.
Leonardo’s teacher sits down with him in an area where there are numerous stimuli for him to interact with. She waits for Leonardo to attempt to grab an item, then prompts Leo to appropriately request the item. Once he does so, she provides access to the item. She took advantage of current motivating operations currently in place, without creating a contrived opportunity for a response. Leonardo’s teacher is using which behavior-change system to promote verbal behavior with Leonardo?
A) Precision teaching
B) Incidental Teaching
C) Direct instruction
D) Personalized system of instruction
Donna is a behavior technician working with Tom. She works 3-hour shifts, working one-on-one with Tom several days a week. Donna wants to track when Tom yells. Yelling has a clear onset and offset, and occurs quickly (only a matter of seconds). What would be the most preferred measure for Tom’s yelling?
A) Duration
B) Rate
C) Partial Interval Recording
D) Latency
When would you typically conduct a behavioral interview during the functional behavior assessment process?
A) At the start of the process to establish clear and objective information about the problem behaviors.
B) At the end of the process to verify the results of the functional behavior assessment.
C) Following the functional analysis but prior to the descriptive assessments.
D) Immediately following indirect assessment procedures.
When teaching your client how to make a phone call to their parent using a smartphone, you break the task into 8 steps. The steps started with "1) Enter passcode into phone,” and ended with “8) Press end call button when finished speaking." During the first session you prompt the client to complete each of the 8 steps (many steps requiring physical prompts). This exemplifies which type chaining procedure?
A) Forward Chaining
B) Backward Chaining
C) Total Task Chaining
D) Chaining with a limited hold
Jamison’s target behavior is "Emotional Outbursts." His behavior analyst implemented a procedure that involved Jamison’s tablet being removed for 10 minutes contingent on the occurrence of an emotional outburst. The behavior analyst took data for 15 sessions. During baseline data there was no change in emotional outbursts. During the intervention phase there was a sharp increase in emotional outbursts for the first several sessions. Across the remaining 8 sessions, the behavior decreased significantly, ending below the initial baseline. Which of the following principles of behavior can be seen in this example?
A) Negative Punishment
B) Positive Punishment
C) Negative Reinforcement
D) Positive Reinforcement
Which of the following is NOT true when establishing a token exchange ratio in a token economy?
A) As the learner progresses, tokens should be devalued.
B ) Initial exchange ratios should be high.
C) As the learner progresses, increase the number of backup items.
D) As the learner’s income increases, increase the number of luxury backup items.
Melinda teaches 3rd graders. While her student teacher is leading the class, Melinda checks on the children at the end of every 5-minute interval. Melinda does a count of all of the children that are participating in the activity. Which measurement strategy is best exemplified by this scenario?
A) Whole-Interval Recording
B) Momentary Time Sampling
C) Partial-Interval Recording
D) PLACHECK
Which of the following is not true regarding the setting of a functional analysis?
A) Functional analyses should not occur in a classroom
B) Functional analyses typically occur in a clinical setting.
C) It is beneficial to run a functional analysis in the natural setting.
D) Functional analyses can take place wherever the problem behavior occurs.
You conduct a MSWO preference assessment and the results created a hierarchy of 10 stimuli available to the individual. The individual’s tablet ranked “1” in the hierarchy, and the toy truck ranked “10." Which of the following has not been established?
A) The tablet is a stronger reinforcer than the other stimuli in the assessment.
B) The tablet likely functions as a reinforcer.
C) The tablet was more preferred than the other stimuli in the assessment.
D) The toy truck was less preferred than the tablet during the assessment.
Barney is considering a punishment procedure as part of a behavior intervention plan for his client. This was a unique situation, so Barney consulted with a colleague. Which of the following would not be an effective recommendation from his colleague?
A) Provide punishment immediately following the behavior of concern.
B) Start with a low magnitude punisher and increase magnitude as needed.
C) Punish every occurrence of the behavior of concern.
D) Prepare for an aggressive reaction from the client.
Omar would like to implement a strategy to help himself complete his assigned progress notes on time each month. Which of the following is an antecedent self-management strategy that Omar could try?
A) Go out to eat as soon as he finishes progress notes to reinforce task completion.
B) Use self-monitoring by having a piece of paper next to him while he is doing the progress notes and place a tally on the paper every time he completes a progress note.
C) Provide a response prompt by creating a calendar event that reminds him to start on the assignment earlier in the month.
D) His supervisor needs to complete a task analysis and break down progress note completion in to easier steps for Omar to complete.
You are displaying the duration of your client’s thumb sucking per day on an equal interval graph. The line between day 4 and day 5 is perpendicular to the vertical axis. What can be derived from these data?
A) Your client engaged in thumb sucking on day 4, but not on day 5.
B) Intervention does not yet seem to be effective by day 5.
C) Your client engaged in thumb sucking on day 5, but not on day 4.
D) Your client engaged in thumb sucking for the same duration on days 4 and 5.
After running a functional analysis, the graph displaying the results of the FA include the four tested conditions occurring at similar levels. These conditions include free play, alone, escape, and attention. What can you interpret from these results?
A) The function of the behavior is potentially automatically maintained.
B) The function of the behavior is potentially alone.
C) Free play is most likely the maintaining consequence of the behavior.
D) Escape is most likely the maintaining consequence of the behavior.
You have selected “Asking for a break” as a functionally equivalent alternative behavior to boundary violations. At the onset of this intervention, which schedule of reinforcement should be used with regards to the replacement behavior?
A) Fixed interval
B) Multiple schedule
C) Variable ratio
D) CRF
Which of the following behaviors is a prerequisite skill for imitation training?
A) Verbal Behavior
B) Modeling
C) Attending
D) Generalized imitation
When training a small group of children on social skills, the behavior analyst follows a script outlining the content, which includes frequent questions requiring choral responding. This behavior analyst is likely using which teaching strategy?
A) Incidental teaching
B) Precision teaching
C) Direct instruction
D) Personalized systems of instruction
You determine that the current IRT for the target behavior is 33 seconds. You are beginning a DRH procedure. What may be your end goal to remove the DRH intervention?
A) IRT of 33 seconds
B) IRT of 2 minutes
C) IRT of 10 seconds
D) 3 months with no target behavior
In a local group on social media, a parent asks if you have any ideas on how to help their child increase social skills among peers. Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate response?
A) Ask for more information about their child to ensure your recommendations are based on their unique needs.
B) Share literature that discusses this topic, allowing the parent to learn some strategies on their own.
C) Refer them to their own behavior analyst.
D) Tell them you aren’t able to provide clinical recommendations to individuals who are not your client.
Which of the following is not a method for promoting generalization?
A) Randomly vary noncritical portions of the instructional environment.
B) Ensure a motivating operation is present for the target behavior.
C) Incorporate typical features of the generalized setting into the instructional setting.
D) Teach the learner a wide array of examples.