Definitions
Reinforcing gradual changes or approximations in a Bx so it begins to look like the target behavior
Shaping
Role Play a work session following an FR5 schedule
What is the Prompt Hierarchy from MOST to LEAST intrusive?
Full physical, partial physical, gestural, modelling, verbal, independent
What the 4 Principles of Reinforcement?
Deprivation, Immediacy, Size, Contingency
Give examples Capturing and Contriving teaching moments for NET
Capturing: naturally occurring situations (blocking a toy they're reaching for, manding for utensils during eating)
Contriving: does not naturally occur (getting toys off of tall shelf, hiding puzzle pieces, sing song incorrectly)
Reinforcing in the presence of one stimulus and not in the presence of another
Discrimination Training
*Bonus*--Describe Simultaneous (both stimuli are present at once...2 options, "touch the dog") and Successive (hold up one option, "what is it?") (100 pts)
Role Play a forward chain procedure for hand-washing
"Wash your hands"...let them turn the water on independently, then physically prompt them to get soap, scrub hands, rinse hands, turn water off, get paper towel, dry hands, throw it away
What is the difference between frequency, duration, and latency?
Frequency--# of times behavior occurs
Duration--how long a behavior occurs
Latency--time between Sd and response
What is the 3-term contingency?
Discriminating Stimulus -> Response -> Reinforcing Stimulus
Describe EO and AO
EO-establishing operation, increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer, deprivation
AO-abolishing operation, decreases effectiveness of a reinforcer, satiation
Define Pairing
Establishing yourself as a reinforcer.
*Bonus* Why do we pair? -->To gain instructional control (100 pts)
Role Play ECTER and Errorless Teaching
ECTER: Error, Correction, Transfer, Distractors, Return
Errorless: Present demand and immediately prompt, distractors, return
What is the difference between partial interval recording, whole interval recording, and momentary time sampling?
Partial--if the behavior occurs at any point during the interval
Whole--if the behavior occurs for the entire interval
MTS--if the behavior is occurring at the end of the interval
List 3 differences between DTT and NET
DTT is lead by teacher, NET is lead by client; DTT is planned R+, NET has R+ that naturally follows; DTT has to establish MO, NET has client already motivated; DTT has set amount of targets, NET is less rigid and controlled by learner
List 3 types of Transfer Procedures
1. Transferring control from prompt to the SD
2. Transferring between verbal operants
3. Transferring instructional control from one Tx to another
Describe Extinction, Extinction Burst, and Spontaneous Recovery
Extinction: Withholding R+ from a previously reinforced behavior
Extinction Burst: a temporary increase in the rate of a Bx following implementation of extinction
Spont.Rec: reappearance of extinguished Bx after extinction
Role Play DRI, DRA, and DRO for a client who is engaging in skin-picking behavior
DRI: clap hands, sit on hands, etc
DRA: stress ball, fidget toy
DRO: Reinforce every 10 seconds when NOT doing skin-picking
What the four functions of behavior, and what can we use to help determine the function?
Escape, Attention, Tangibles, Sensory; ABC Data or Functional Behavior Assessment
We know that a target has been mastered if the client can generalize it across ____, ____, ____, and ____.
*Bonus* What is intermixing? 80% mastered, 20% acquisition (100 points)
Describe what the X-axis, Y-axis, Trend Lines, and Phase Lines on a graph represent
X-axis represents a measure of time
Y-axis represents measure of behavior
Trend lines represent the increase/decrease of the Bx over time
Phase lines represent a change that effects the behavior
Describe Positive/Negative Reinforcement and Positive/Negative Punishment
Pos. R+: adding stimulus to strengthen Bx
Neg. R+: removing stimulus to weaken Bx
Pos. Pun: adding stimulus to weaken Bx
Neg. Pun: removing stimulus to weaken Bx
Role Play the 4 Preference Assessments
Single Stimulus: "Do you want the ____?"
Forced Choice: "Do you want ___ or ___?"
MSW: 3 or more items in array, after it's chosen it is available in next trial
MSWO: 3 or more items in array, after it's chosen it is not available in next trial
Recite a possible example of a complete session note.
Client appeared well upon arrival. Client was able to independently _______. Client required V/G/M/PP/FP prompts to ____. Client engaged in maladaptive behaviors when ____. Client independently ____. Data to complete this session was recorded in Rethink and it is recommended ABA therapy continue per plan of care.
List and describe the 7 verbal operants
Mand (request), tact (identify), LR (following directions), LRFFC (distinguish between feature, function, class), Echoic (repeat), Intraverbal (fill-in-the-blank), VPMTS (matching), Imitation (copying movements)
List 5 items that you will find in a Behavior Support Plan
FBA results, operational definitions, hypothesized functions, antecedent interventions, replacement behaviors, how to respond to behaviors, crisis plan, method for data collection
*Bonus*--What do operational definitions need to be? (Measurable, objective, measurable) (100 pts)