Principles of Reinforcement
Giving a client something they like to increase a behavior it follows
Positive Reinforcement
1.) The number of times a behavior occurs
2.) The number of times a behavior occurs during a specific period of time
1.) Frequency
2.) Rate
Functions of Behavior
S-sensory
E-escape
A-attention
T-tangible
Type of prompt where you say the full answer after asking the question
Full Vocal/Verbal Prompt
What does "RBT" stand for?
Registered Behavior Technician
Taking away something a client doesn't like to increase a behavior it follows
Negative Reinforcement
Ex: When the light turns green at a traffic stop, the car in front of Sara doesn't move. She blasts the car horn and the car moves out of her way.
1.) The extent of time that passes from when the instruction is presented and the client emits the response.
2.) The extent of time that passes while the behavior is occurring.
1.) Latency
2.) Duration (i.e., tantrum)
Luke threw toys at his peers during free play. When the teacher caught him doing this, she would take the toy that he threw and put it in a box that he could not access for the rest of the day. His behavior decreased. This is an example of…
Negative Punishment (taking something good or desirable away to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior)
CLASS Policies:
1.) How often should you check your CLASS email?
2.) If you are requesting time off, what is the protocol?
3.) When can you bill for drive time and mileage?
1.) At least once every 24 hours.
2.) -Submit a TOR 30 days in advance
-Receive approval from CMs/CDs on all cases
-Sub/make-up plan if necessary
3.) Between clients
Who can provide RBT supervision?
1.) BCaBa's
2.) BCBA's
3.) Non-Certified RBT Supervisors (must be able to document ABA experience and have completed the BACB supervisor training)
1.) What is the three-term contingency?
2.) Provide an example
A-antecedent
B-behavior
C-consequence
The time that passes between one response and the next
Inter-Response Time
Example: Vocal outbursts, hitting head, etc...
1.) No longer reinforcing a behavior that used to be reinforced
2.) This may result in a temporary increase in the frequency, duration, or intensity of the behavior
1.) Extinction
2.) Extinction Burst
What changes would you make to this session note?
Upon arrival, parent informed me that Billy had not taken a nap. Billy was not engaged during the first hour of session. Due to this, I provided short work periods and extended breaks. Billy demonstrated increased levels of responding with receptive identification and identical matching programs scoring 75% across 4 trials and 80% across 5 trials respectively. Billy ended session on a good note.
1.) me > this (registered) behavior technician; after initially writing it out, abbreviations may be used
2.) Billy > client
3.) "not engaged"> describe what that looks like
4.) I > this (registered) behavior technician; after initially writing it out, abbreviations may be used
5.) "good note"> describe what that looks like
What are the monthly RBT supervision requirements?
1.) 5%
2.) Minimum two face to face contacts (in-person or via zoom)
3.) At least one individual observation
4.) At least one observation with client
A schedule of reinforcement in which some, but not all occurrences of a behavior are reinforced
Intermittent Reinforcement
Advantages:
-reinforcer remains effective longer because satiation takes place more slowly
-individuals work more consistently on certain intermittent schedules
-behavior that has been reinforced intermittently is more likely to persist after being transferred to reinforcement in natural environment
1.) Procedure where behavior is recorded as having occurred ONLY if it occurs for the entire interval
2.) Procedure where behavior is recorded as having occurred if it occurs at all during an interval
1.) Whole Interval Recording (i.e., attending, remaining seated, etc...)
2.) Partial Interval Recording (i.e., student worked on an assignment during 15 seconds of a thirty second interval)
1.) Reinforcing a different behavior than the problem behavior that results in the same outcome (i.e. child gets attention)
2.) Reinforcing the child when the inappropriate behavior does not occur during a specific amount of time
1.) Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)
2.) Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)
Which of the following BEHAVIOR is an example of a mand?
･ Antecedent: Lucy smells popcorn and wants it. Behavior: Lucy says, “popcorn”. Consequence: teacher gives Lucy some popcorn
･ Antecedent: Jose sees a bird and doesnʼt want it. Behavior: Jose says, "bird". Consequence: Joseʼs friend looks at the bird
･ Antecedent: Saraʼs friend says, "Gross!" Behavior: Sara says, "Gross!" Consequence: Both girls laugh.
･ Antecedent: Jacksonʼs teacher asks, "Who is it?" Behavior: Jackson says, "me." Consequence: Jacksonʼs teacher says, "nice job!"
･ Antecedent: Lucy smells popcorn and wants it. Behavior: Lucy says, “popcorn”. Consequence: teacher gives Lucy some popcorn
1.11-Exchange of Gifts
Practice Scenarios:
1.) A parent offers you a Christmas cookie
2.) You receive a giftcard from a family only to find out later that it was worth $50
3.) Your supervisor gives you a goodie bag filled with candy
4.) You work with a family who offers you drinks and snacks at every session
5.) You give your client a birthday gift that costs $25
1.) Ok to accept
2.) Unable to accept and must return to family
3.) Ok to accept
4.) Unable to accept
5.) Monetary value too high...must be $10 and under
Telling a client they can get something they want only after doing something they would rather not
Premack Principle (First/Then)
Preference assessments are procedures used to identify things that may be reinforcing to clients. Name at least 3 types of preference assessments.
1.) MSWO
2.) MSW
3.) Paired Stimulus
4.) Free Operant
Francesca used to scream to gain her mother’s attention. Now, her mother only provides Francesca attention when she says “excuse me” in a volume no louder than speaking volume. What type of differential reinforcement is being used here?
DRA (alternative) and DRI (incompatible)
Your cousin’s daughter becomes a client at CLASS and asks that you be added to their team. If this happens, this would be a violation of which requirement under the RBT ethical code?
Section 1: General Responsibilities
1.10 RBTs avoid multiple relationships with clients, coworkers, and supervisors. Multiple relationships occur when there is a mixing of two or more relationships (e.g., friend, family member, employee/employer) that may result in conflicts of interest and risk of harm to the client. If RBTs find that a multiple relationship has developed, they immediately inform their supervisor, work to resolve it, and document these actions. If the multiple relationship involves their supervisor, RBTs should report it to their supervisor’s manager or other appropriate entity (e.g., human resources, BACB) and document this communication
Effective January 1, 2022, 7 new standards were added to the RBT Code of Ethics. Name one new standard.
-RBT's are never employees of their supervisor/If pursuing BCBA/BCaBA cert., RBT's may separately contract for those hours.
-RBT's are culturally responsive in their work.
-RBT's conduct themselves in a professional manner
-RBT's direct questions/concerns to supervisor
-RBT's must regularly check their BACB account