Measurement
A ratio of count per observation time. Often expressed as count per unit of time (e.g. per minute, per day, etc.).
Frequency
In this video, there is a clear SD for crying/tantrum behavior. What is it?
Presence of the parent
A student is provided a piece of candy after they successfully use the toilet. Independent toileting increases in the future. Which type of operant conditioning is most likely occurring in this scenario?
Positive Reinforcement
This individual often engages in interfering behavior when his teacher is turned away and catching up on data. What's the likely function?
Attention
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced. In other words, the stimulus signals the availability of reinforcement.
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
A measure of the total extent of time in which a behavior occurs.
Duration
In this video Moira provides several ineffective prompts. Given the situation, as well as David's specific requests, what type of prompt would have been the most appropriate?
Model
A verbal reprimand is provided to a child after they swear at their parent. Swearing at people decreases in the future. Which type of operant conditioning is most likely occurring in this scenario?
Positive Punishment
Every time I hand my student a math worksheet, he escalates until we have to clear the room. What's the likely function?
Escape
The Process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units; also refers to the results of this process.
Task Analysis
An observation time is divided into intervals and for each interval a scale is used to track a range of time (e.g. a "1" might be 1-3 minutes during that IRP block).
Relative Occurrence
When Chandler insults Ross by yelling "shut up", what does it do to Ross's behavior of yelling "pivot"? And what type of operant conditioning is most likely occurring in this scenario?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tam7KO4qhUI
1:00-2:30
Decreases
Positive Punishment
Your child hits his sibling. You take away their phone for a week. Your child stops hitting their sibling. Which type of operant conditioning is most likely occurring in this scenario?
Negative Punishment
I often embarrass my family in the check out line at Hannaford until they buy me a candy bar. What's the likely function?
Access
An environmental variable that alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of a stimulus, object or event (changes the value).
Motivating operation
Daily Double!!!!
These two terms refer to states of a person that would alter MO's. One involves having copious amounts of a reinforcing stimulus prior to a session, where the other involves going a significant period of time without having access to the reinforcing stimulus.
The elapsed time from the onset of a task direction to the initiation of a response.
Latency
After not getting his candy, the escalation of this man's behavior is a good example of what?
Extinction Burst
A student is in the middle of a task demand and begins hitting their head. When this happens, teachers get concerned for the students safety and often remove the task demand. Head hitting begins to increase in the presence of task demands. Which type of operant conditioning is most likely occurring in this scenario?
Negative Reinforcement
This individual repeats lines from his favorite movies across different activities throughout the entire school day. What's the likely function?
Automatic Reinforcement
This schedule of reinforcement involves providing the reinforcer after an unchanging number of responses (e.g. every 5 responses).
Fixed Ratio
Daily Double!!!
Fixed ratio is one of 4 basic schedules of reinforcement, what are the other 3?
An observation time is divided into time intervals and an interval is recorded if ANY of the target behavior occurs during that interval. Exact frequency or duration does not matter.
Partial Interval Recording
They use a lot of terms in this video. One of them is used incorrectly. Find the error.
Providing a stimulus (electric shock) to decrease a behavior is not negative reinforcement. As long as it works, it would be positive punishment.
A student is identifying pictures from a field of 3. Every time they get an answer right, they are provided loud, enthusiastic verbal praise from their teacher. The student start to become hesitant to respond and responding eventually stops all together. Which type of operant conditioning is most likely occurring in this scenario?
Positive Punishment
When this student engages in severe behavior at school, the parent often comes to pick them up. He doesn't always calm down right away so she gets him a snack to keep him busy on the ride home. What's the likely function?
Escape and/or Access
A group of behaviors of varying topography (physical form), all of which share the same function.
Response Class