Philosophical Assumptions of ABA:
Behavior Change Procedures
Experimental Desgins
MO's
Misc.
100
what a man does is a result of specifiable conditions and once these conditions are discovered, we can anticipate and to some extent determine his actions. Predicated
Lawfulness of behavior/Determinism:
100
Skinner's Verbal Operants
What is mand, tact, intraverbal and echoic
100
This design is the most straightforward and powerful single subject design for demonstrating a functional relationship
What is A-B-A-B
100
- alter the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer, and
- alter the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event
Motivating Operations (MO)
100
I have a client who hates doing his chores. Whenever his mom tells him to do them, he attempts to change the topic. His mom has figured this out and refuses to talk to him until he starts his chores. My client typically starts his chores 5 minutes after being told because he doesn’t like when his mom ignores him. He spends 15 minutes picking up the toys in his room, 5 minutes cleaning the bathroom, and 8 minutes loading the dishwasher. What would be the most accurate measurement to use to measure the amount of time it takes my client to start his chores after being told to?
Latency
200
1. Focus is on discovering principles under very controlled conditions
2. Factors under investigation are controlled while effects on DV are measured
What is Experimental Analysis
200
Backward chaining refers to teaching a behavioral chain beginning with the last step: you would completely prompt the entire chain of behaviors except the last step. Ex: tooth brushing, the child would be prompted to do every single step and then would independently put the toothbrush in the toothbrush holder.
What is backwards training
200
What is Multiple Baseline across participants
200
increases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement
Establishing Operation (EO)
200
Every time my 2 year old daughter vocally asks for a cookie instead of reaching for one without asking, she gets a cookies. Which form of differential reinforcement am I using?
Differential reinforcement of alterative behaviors (DRA)
300
all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena under investigation be ruled out experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered
Parsimony
300
This is the process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units; also refers to the result of this process.
What is task analysis
300
can be used to evaluate the effects of reinforcement or punishment contingencies on the gradual or stepwise improvement of a behavior already in the subjects repertoire
Changing Criterion Design
300
decrease the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement
Abolishing Operation (AO)
300
Yelling for attention occurs more frequently than biting for attention because the yelling behavior is reinforced with attention four out of five times, while the biting behavior is reinforced six out of ten times. This is an example of...
What is Matching Law
400
continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact
Philosophic Doubt
400
Token economies consist of 3 major components: (a) a list of target behaviors, (b) points or marks participants earn for emitting the behavior and (c)_______
What is backup reinforcers
400
Advantages of this design include:
minimizes sequence effects, does not require w/drawl of treatment, can compare effectiveness quickly, can proceed without an initial baseline
Alternating Treatment/Multielement design
400
Steven's favorite snack is Skittles. His teacher recognizes this and will sometimes motivate Steven by giving him a Skittle after following a direction. There is an assembly at the end of the day and Steven's teacher needs for him to sit down for the entire event and she plans on rewarding Steven with a Skittle if he does. In order to increase the effectiveness of Skittles, Steven's teacher does not give him the candy all day leading up to the assembly (deprivation state).
What is EO
400
When my client engages in problem behaviors, the consequence is he loses one minute of iPad time for every minute he engages in the problem behaviors. Recent data indicates the number of problem behaviors my client engages in has greatly decreased since baseline. This is an example of...
What is a direct fine (response cost procedure)
500
observation based on thorough description and precise quantification of the phenomena of interest.
Empiricism
500
establishes an appropriate communication behavior to compete with the problem behaviors evoked by motivating operations.
Develops communicative behaviors that are sensitive to existing MOs.
Functional Communication Training (FCT)
500
simultaneous measurement is begun on two or more target behaviors (people settings). After stable baseline responding has been achieved, the IV is applied to one of the behaviors while the others remain the same. After maximum change has been noted in the first behavior, the IV is then applied in sequential fashion to the other behaviors.
What is multiple baseline design
500
Using the same example, if Steven's teacher were to be constantly rewarding him throughout the day with Skittles they may soon lose their affect as reinforcement (satiation state). Therefore, during the assembly Steven is not as likely to sit the entire time in order to receive the candy because he has had access to them all day. This satiation on Skittles has decreased their effectiveness.
What is AO
500
In order for an item to be considered generalized, it must be across
What is different people, different settings and different stimuli