Common Terms
What is the term for a consequence that increases the future probability of a behavior?
Reinforcement is a consequence that increase the future probability of a behavior.
What is a mand?
A mand is a request.
What is a prompt?
A prompt is a "hint" or form of assistance that aids the student in emitting a correct response.
What are the four schedules of reinforcement?
a. fixed variable, variable ratio, fixed ratio, variable interval
b. variable interval, fixed variable, variable ratio, fixed interval
c. fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval
d. fixed interval, varied ratio, variable interval, ratio interval
C. Fixed ratio (FR), variable ratio (VR), fixed interval (FI), and variable interval (VI)
What does frequency track?
Frequency tracks the number of responses that occur.
What is the term for a consequence that decreases the future probability of a behavior?
Punishment is a consequence that decreases the future probability of a behavior.
What is an echoic?
An echoic is a response imitating a response just previously given by another individual.
What is least-to-most prompting?
Least-to-most prompting is providing prompts in order from least intrusive to most intrusive.
True or False: behavior cannot be changed without reinforcement.
False. Behavior can be changed through other procedures such as punishment; however, behavior will not persist without some form of reinforcement.
What does duration track?
Duration tracks the length of time a behavior occurs.
What does the ABA term A-B-C stand for?
A-B-C stands for antecedent, behavior, consequence (also known as the three term contingency).
What is a tact?
A tact is a label of an item.
Providing a prompt when a prompt is not needed is known as?
Overprompting occurs when you provide a prompt that is not needed.
Remember: Overprompting can lead to prompt dependence. We must fade prompts appropriately to gain independence.
What reinforcement schedule used in the following scenario:
Little tommy receives reinforcement after 2 correct responses. The next time Little Tommy receives reinforcement, it is after 4 correct responses.
a. VR1
b. VR2
c. VR3
d. VR4
C. VR3
Varied ratio (VR) schedues provide reinforcement after an average of x number of correct responses.
True or false: Prompting should always occur if an incorrect response is given.
False. During baseline phases of treatment, we do NOT prompt following an incorrect response.
Baseline is a test to see if the client already has the skill.
What is the term for withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior?
Extinction involves withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior.
What is an intraverbal?
An intraverbal is a response that continues another response or replies to a response/question just previously given.
What is another name for most-to-least prompting?
A second name for most-to-least prompting is "errorless prompting".
Remember: You are trying to make the client's responses "error-less" by prompting most-to-least.
What reinforcement schedule is represented by the following scenario:
Little Tommy gets a reinforcer after an average of 5 correct responses.
a. FR5
b. VR5
c. FI5
d. VI5
B. VR5
Varied ratio (VR) schedues provide reinforcement after an average of x number of correct responses.
What method of data collection is being used in the following scenario:
Little tommy got 5 correct responses per hour.
a. frequency
b. rate
c. duration
d. time sampling
B. Rate
Rate tracks the number of correct responses in a given span of time.
What term describes teaching in the environments that the client encounters daily/routinely?
Natural environment teaching describes working in an environment the client encounters daily/routinely.
Which verbal operant is being trained here?
Behavior interventionist: "what does a cow say? Moo!"
Client: "Moo!"
Which prompting procedure do you use to maintain a skill rather than acquiring a skill?
a. most-to-least prompting
b. least-to-most prompting
Least-to-most prompting is used maintain a skill and most-to-least prompting is used to acquire a skill.
What reinforcement schedule is represented by the following scenario:
Little Tommy gets a reinforcer following the first correct response after 10 minutes have passed.
a. FR1
b. FI1
c. FR10
d. FI10
Fixed interval schedules provide reinforcement for the first correct response after a set amount of time.
What phase of treatment is the client most likely in based on the following scenario?
Little Tommy has mastered responding to his name with two therapists. Now Tommy's therapists have other people (Tommy's family, other therapists, peers) call Tommy's name to see if he responds to it with them as well.
a. Baseline
b. Intervention
c. Generalization
d. Maintenance
C. Generalization
When a goal is in generalization we should be having others run the goal with the client, run the goal in additional settings, and run the goal with new stimuli.