Concepts and Principal
Letting a student skip a non-preferred activity after asking appropriately is an example of?
What is....
A) Positive Reinforcement
B) A consequence
C) Negative Reinforcement
D) Reinforcement
What is negative reinforcement!!!
A BCBA is supporting a student in a public middle school who engages in frequent off-task behavior during math class. To better understand the behavior and evaluate intervention effectiveness, the BCBA wants to collect objective, measurable data. Which of the following is the most appropriate data collection method to use during class to track the frequency of off-task behavior?
What is
A) Whole Interval Recording
B) Permanent Recording
C) Latency
D) Event Recording
What is event recording.
In a single-case design, what is the primary purpose of baseline?
A. To establish external validity
B. To identify reinforcers
C. To predict future responding without intervention
D. To teach the target skill
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Baseline data allow for prediction of behavior in the absence of the independent variable, which is key to demonstrating functional relations.
A BCBA is consulting in a middle school for a student who engages in aggressive behavior toward peers. Multiple reinforcement-based strategies, including differential reinforcement, visual supports, and non-contingent reinforcement, have been implemented with fidelity over 8 weeks with minimal reduction in aggression. The IEP team is considering a mild punishment procedure (e.g., loss of a token) as part of a revised plan. What is the most appropriate next step for the BCBA?
What is
A. Proceed with implementing the punishment procedure and document it in the behavior intervention plan (BIP)
B. Implement the punishment procedure while gradually fading reinforcement-based strategies
C. Convene a team meeting to review data, discuss informed consent, and obtain written approval before proceeding
D. Recommend a more intensive punishment procedure to ensure quicker behavior reduction
What is convene a team meeting to review data, discuss informed consent, and obtain written approval before proceeding
A nonverbal kindergarten student is being taught to request a snack using a speech-generating device. The student currently just touches the device but doesn’t press any buttons. The BCBA decides to reinforce touching near the correct button, then gradually shape toward independent activation of the “Snack, please” icon.
This is an example of:
A. Prompt fading
B. Total task chaining
C. Shaping
D. Functional communication training
What is shaping!
When a student only raises their hand to speak after the teacher asks a question, this is an example of?
What is
A) Stimulus Control
B) Self-Management Strategies
C) Rule-Governed Behavior
D) Instructional Control
What is stimulus control.
A BCBA graphs the rate of task completion per minute over a 2-week period. In the second week, a new reinforcement schedule is introduced. The rate increases, but so does the variability between days.
What is the best interpretation?
A. The intervention is ineffective due to increased variability
B. The student’s behavior is stabilizing, and no changes are needed
C. The increase in level suggests a positive effect, but variable data may indicate inconsistent implementation
D. The BCBA should withdraw the intervention immediately due to inconsistent results
C. The increase in level suggests a positive effect, but variable data may indicate inconsistent implementation
A BCBA wants to compare two reading interventions for a student to see which results in more correct responses. Which design is best?
A. Reversal
B. Alternating treatments
C. Changing criterion
D. Multiple baseline across settings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alternating treatments allows for comparison of two or more interventions quickly and efficiently.
A BCBA is asked to design an intervention for a behavior issue outside their area of expertise (e.g., feeding disorders). What is the most ethical response?
A. Accept the case and learn about feeding disorders on your own
B. Refer the client to or consult with a qualified specialist before proceeding
C. Provide general advice but avoid direct intervention
D. Accept the case but limit intervention to what you know
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Behavior analysts must provide services within their scope of competence or seek consultation.
A BCBA is working with a 5th-grade student in a public school who frequently completes classwork early but then disrupts others. To increase appropriate post-task behavior, the BCBA implements a differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) schedule, reinforcing the student with access to drawing time for every 10-minute interval in which no disruptions occur. Which of the following best describes this intervention?
What is
A. Fixed-interval DRO using positive reinforcement
B. Variable-ratio DRO using negative reinforcement
C. Fixed-ratio DRA using escape as a reinforcer
D. Momentary DRO using automatic reinforcement
What is fixed-interval DRO using positive reinforcement.
A student needs a pencil to complete an assignment- The lack of a pencil makes getting a pencil more reinforcing, and evokes behaviors like asking the teacher or searching their desk.
What is
A) What is a MO
B) What is a reflexive MO
C) Escape
D) Transitive MO
What is transitive MO!!
A BCBA is targeting a student's latency to begin work after receiving a math instruction. The student often delays starting tasks by walking around the room or engaging in off-task behaviors. The BCBA instructs staff to record latency from the time a task direction is given (“Start your math packet now”) to the moment the student writes the first answer.
After reviewing two weeks of data, the BCBA notices multiple latency entries recorded as “0 seconds” across different sessions, even though direct observation suggests the student rarely initiates work immediately. Staff report they begin timing once the student appears seated and ready, rather than immediately after the direction.
What is the primary problem with the current measurement, and what is the best course of action?
A. The measurement lacks accuracy and validity; retrain staff to start the timer immediately after the instruction is given to maintain procedural integrity.
B. The data are unreliable due to inconsistent observer agreement; assign two observers to calculate IOA for latency during all sessions.
C. The latency recording system should be replaced with partial-interval recording to better capture off-task behavior.
D. The measurement is invalid due to the use of a subjective start point; instead, use duration recording of off-task behavior as a more valid measure.
A. The measurement lacks accuracy and validity; retrain staff to start the timer immediately after the instruction is given to maintain procedural integrity.
What is a confounding variable?
A. A variable that is manipulated by the experimenter
B. An extraneous factor that influences the dependent variable, threatening internal validity
C. The independent variable in a study
D. The baseline level of behavior
B.
Rationale: Confounding variables interfere with attributing behavior change to the independent variable.
A behavior analyst is working with a 9-year-old student with ASD who engages in task refusal during independent academic work. The student completes tasks independently when the teacher is seated next to them, but rarely initiates or completes tasks when alone, even though reinforcement contingencies are consistent. The analyst hypothesizes that the presence of the teacher has acquired discriminative control over task completion behavior.
To promote generalization and independence, the analyst systematically fades proximity while maintaining task demands and reinforcement. However, after proximity fading, task completion decreases again, even with reinforcement in place.
Which of the following BEST describes the most appropriate next step for the analyst to take?
A. Reintroduce the teacher’s proximity to increase compliance and reinforce independence later
B. Use multiple exemplar training by varying people, settings, and distances while maintaining reinforcement for task completion
C. Thin the reinforcement schedule to avoid dependency on reinforcement
D. Delay reinforcement delivery to increase the student’s tolerance to non-preferred tasks
B. Use multiple exemplar training by varying people, settings, and distances while maintaining reinforcement for task completion