PUNISHMENT
A stimulus change that decreases the future occurrence of behavior that immediately precedes it.
PUNISHER
The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior; the primary effect is a decrease in the frequency of the behavior until it reaches a pre-reinforced level or ultimately ceases to occur.
EXTINCTION
A procedure for decreasing problem behaviors in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that serves as a desirable alternative to the behavior targeted for reduction and withheld following instances of the problem behavior.
DRA-DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF ALTERNATIVE BEHAVIOR
An elementary verbal operant involving a vocal response that is evoked by a vocal verbal SD that has formal similarity between an auditory verbal stimulus and an auditory verbal response product, and a history of generalized reinforcement.
ECHOIC
Various methods for linking specific sequences of stimuli and responses to form new performances.
CHAINING
A basic principle of behavior describing a response-consequence functional relation in which a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that decreases future occurrences of that type of behavior.
PUNISHMENT
An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.
EXTINCTION BURST
A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that is topographically incompatible with the behavior targeted for reduction and withheld following instances of the problem behavior.
DRI-DIFFERENTIAL REINFORMCEMENT OF INCOMPATIBLE BEHAVIOR
An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that does not have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus.
INTRAVERBAL
The process of breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units.
TASK ANALYSIS
A response followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior.
POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of the aversive stimulus.
ESCAPE EXTINCTION
A procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during or at specific times.
DRO-DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF OTHER BEHAVIOR
An elementary verbal operant involving a response of any form that is evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinforcement.
MAND
A teaching procedure in which a trainer completes all but the last behavior in the chain, which is performed by the learner, who then receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but the last two behaviors in the chain, the learner emits the final two steps to complete the chain, and reinforcement is delivered.
BACKWARD CHAINING
A response behavior followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus that results in similar responses occurring less often.
NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
The relative frequency with which operant behavior is emitted during extinction.
RESISTANCE TO EXTINCTION
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement (a) follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time or (b) is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion.
DRL-DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF LOW RATES
An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a nonverbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement.
TACT
A method for teaching behavior chains that begins with the learner being prompted and taught to perform the first behavior in the task analysis; the trainer completes the remaining steps in the chain. When the learner shows competence in performing the first step in the chain, he is then taught to perform the first two behaviors in the chain, with the training completing the chain. this process is continued until the learner completes the entire chain independently.
FORWARD CHAINING
The phenomenon in which a change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule.
BEHAVIORAL CONTRAST
A behavioral effect associated with extinction in which the behavior suddenly begins to occur after its frequency has decreased to its pre-reinforcement level or stopped entirely.
SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being greater than a gradually increasing criterion based on the individual's performance in previous intervals.
DRH-DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF HIGH RATES
A form of verbal behavior that requires the listener to respond to another’s verbal behavior (e.g. Where is your shoes?, Get a pencil).
LISTENER RESPONSE
A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change those functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and is a discriminate stimulus for the next response in the chain; reinforcement for the last response in a chain to maintain the reinforcing effectiveness of the stimulus changes produced by all previous responses in the chain.
BEHAVIOR CHAIN