ABA Definitions
Give an example of negative reinforcement
Example must include a Behavior, something aversive taken away and that behavior will increase.
A child is in a store with her mom and the child wants a new barbie. When the mom says that she can't buy it today, the child starts to scream, flop and kick the ground. The mom says shh shh shh and ends up buying the doll to have her stop tantruming.What function is mostly likely maintaining the behavior?
A BT teaches a learner to answer "What is your name?" with multiple instructors and in multiple settings. What procedure is being used?
Generalization
What should you do if you are unsure how to implement a procedure in the BIP?
Ask your supervisor/BCBA
A client appears frustrated during work. What are two things you would do?
Use antecedent strategies
Offer help
Behavioral Momentum
Task modification
Offer a break
What is extinction?
No longer providing reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior
Which Differential Reinforcement reinforces the absence of problem behavior within a time period?
DRO - Differential reinforcement of other behavior
What teaching procedure reinforces successive approximations toward a target behavior?
Shaping
What is the difference between an antecedent intervention and a consequence intervention?
Antecedent interventions occur before behavior to prevent it; consequence interventions occur after behavior to influence future behavior
You realize you forgot to collect data for the last 10 minutes. What would you do?
What are Motivating Operations?
An environmental event that temporarily changes the value of a reinforcer or punisher and alters the likelihood of behaviors associated with it
Name 5 antecedent interventions used to reduce challenging behaviors
Environmental Arrangements
Visual Supports
Choice Making
Behavioral Momentum
Noncontingent Reinforcement
Premack Principle
Task Modification
Priming
Transition Supports
Preference Assessments
Teaching Replacement Behaviors prior to problem bx
Motivating operations
Demand Fading
Scheduled Breaks
In this prompting strategy, the least intrusive prompt is provided first and additional prompts are added as needed
Least-to-Most Prompting
A behavior is maintained by escape. What would be an appropriate replacement behavior?
Requesting a break, requesting help, or communicating "all done."
A client engages in a behavior you have never seen before and it is not addressed in the BIP. What would you do?
Collect ABC data and tell the supervisor
What is Behavioral Momentum?
A strategy in which several easy or high-probability tasks are presented before a more difficult task to increase compliance.
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a behavior that had previously decreased or stopped due to extinction after a period of time has passed.
What is the transfer of stimulus control?
The process of shifting control of a behavior from a prompt to the natural SD.
What are replacement behaviors designed to do?
Serve the same function as the challenging behavior in a more appropriate way.
A BT says, "If you finish 3 minutes of work, you can have GMR time." After one demand of sitting at the table, the client engages in tantrum behaviors for 20 minutes with the BT using the premack principle and attempting to provide choices. The BT provides GMR time after the client answers 1 question at the table because the client is upset and probably won't finish the whole 3 minutes without engaging in tantrum behaviors again. What lesson might the client learn?
That if the client tantrums for long enough, he can get out of doing a full work schedule.
What is the process of gradually removing assistance as a learner becomes more independent?
Prompt Fading
Explain the difference between extinction and punishment
Extinction decreases behavior by withholding reinforcement, while punishment decreases behavior by adding or removing a consequence after the behavior occurs
Give two ways that makes reinforcement effective.
Immediate – Delivered as soon as possible after the behavior.
Contingent – Given only when the target behavior occurs.
Consistent – Applied reliably across opportunities.
Meaningful to the learner – The reinforcer must actually be preferred and motivating.
Appropriate in magnitude – The amount or quality of reinforcement matches the effort required.
If a client's behavior is attention-maintained, teaching them to request a break would be the best replacement behavior.
True or False and why?
False. The replacement behavior should access attention.
A client's skill acquisition program specifies that staff should use a least-to-most prompting procedure. During session, a BT begins using a full physical prompt immediately on every trial because they want to make sure the client gets the correct answer. The client is successful but rarely responds independently. What concern would you have, and what should the BT do?
The BT is not implementing the prompting procedure as written. Using a more intrusive prompt than required may create prompt dependency and prevent the learner from having opportunities for independent responding. The BT should follow the least-to-most prompting hierarchy and allow the learner an opportunity to respond independently before providing additional prompts