Anatomy
These are two major organs in the RUQ
liver, head of the pancreas, gall bladder, duodenum, R kidney, some ascending and transverse colon
The location of McBurney's point
2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the R superior iliac crest
Auscultation: 20 high pitched, gurgling sounds
nl. (not necessary to count or listen to all four quadrants)
Infection causes this to happen to bowel sounds
hypoactive or absent
Normal or abnormal: easier to palpate the liver and kidneys
Normal. Explain.
This is one organ of interest in the RLQ when rebound tenderness is (+)
appendix. also cecal valve, R ovary, ureter
The order of abd assessment
inspect, auscultation, percuss, palpate light then deep
Percussion: tympany
Normal. The abnormal findings, similar to the lungs, are dullness (fluid, an organ or a mass), or hyperresonance (gas)
Severe abd pain 2-4 hours after eating with (+) Murphy's sign
cholecystitis
liver. smaller liver, less metabolism, higher risk of accumulation of drugs at toxic doses
(+) Rovsing's sign indicating appendicitis occurs in this quadrant
LLQ
Use this assessment to differentiate gas from fluid when asssessing abd distension
fluid wave test
Inspection: protuberance
Normal. flat, scaphoid, rounded, protuberant
Avoid palpating this prominent abd pulsation
abdominal aortic aneurysm
One subjective complaint or objective finding common in pregnancy r/t the GI tract
gingival hyperplasia/bleeding, dyspepsia, hemorrhoids
These are the quadrants in which to auscultate the renal arteries
Use the bell on the abdomen to auscultate for this abnormality
bruit
Palpation: nodular liver border
abnl
Bruising, bleeding, and skin discoloration are associate with disease of this organ
liver.
Emergent finding in peds presenting with sudden onset fussiness, poor feeding, and currant jelly stool
intussusception
These are two organs in the LUQ
stomach (also epigastric), spleen, L liver lobe, body of pancreas, L kidney
A helpful technique/position for the pt while palpating the abdomen
bend the knees, deep breathing, conversation such as hx gathering as a distraction
Palpation: palpable spleen (healthy person)
abnl
Epigastric pain, anorexia, weight loss, foul smelling stools are s/s of disease in this organ
pancreas
This condition in newborns presents as projectile vomiting, watery or absent stool
pyloric stenosis. pyloric sphincter regulates food passage into the SI