quadrants
what are the four quadrants
RUQ
LUQ
LLQ
what are the changes in the GI system
decrease in salvation and delay of esophageal emptying/gastric acid secretion
what are some examples of subjective data
appetite and food intolerance
dysphagia
pain, vomiting
bowel habits and history
medication and nutritional assessment
examples of different bowel sounds
normal
hyperactive
hypoactive
borborygmus
silent
referred pain with the liver and gallbladder
RUQ
organs in the RUQ
liver (produce bile)
right kidney (filters waste from blood, regulates body fluid)
gallbladder/bile ducts (stores and releases bile)
colon (absorbs water from food)
head of the pancreas (produces juices to break down food)
adrenal gland (hormones)
what happens to the liver
decrease in size
when inspecting the abdomen, what are you looking for
1. symmetry
2. contour
3. umbilicus
4. pulsation
5. skin/hair distribution
if there are silent bowel sounds, what do you do, and when could this happen
referred pain to the esophagus and appendix
behind lower sternum
RLQ
organs in the RLQ
appendix
caecum
right ovary
right ureter
what increases in the aging adult
gallstones and constipation
what are the four types of contours for the abdomen
1. flat
2. rounded
3. scaphoid
4. protuberant
what should you hear for abdominal percussion
(liver and spleen might be dull)
referred pain for the ulcer and the pancreas
should
midscapular
organs in the LLQ
small intestine
colon
left ovary
left ureter
bladder
what should you ask about with the older adult
groceries and food prep
eat alone or with people
swollowing
activites after meal times
bowel health and medicine including laxatives
WHAT ORDER DO YOU ASSESS FOR the abdomen?
inspect
AUSCULTATE
palpation
percussion
when checking for CVA, if there is tenderness/pain what does this indicate
inflammation of the kidneys
referred pain for the kidney, SI, and colon
k: flank pain
SI: diffused
c: colicky/boating
organs in the LUQ
spleen (filers blood)
stomach (digestion)
pancreas body
left kidney
left lobe of the liver
left adrenal gland
what happens to subq fat, and what does the musculature look like
fat goes into the abdomen and hips
thinner and less toned (liver/kidney easy to palpate)
when auscultating, where do you start, and which way do you go
RLQ
clockwise
1. light to deep
2. tender areas last
3. circle motion
examples of abnormal findings
obesity
air
cyst/tumor
pregnancy
feces
hernia