Pancreas
Smooth muscle sphincter placed at the junction of the bile duct, pancreatic duct, and duodenum
What is the Sphincter of Oddi
Lab test: enzyme produced primarily by liver, bone and placenta that is excreted through the bile ducts
What is Alkaline phosphatase?
Located in the cystic duct - controls the flow of bile
What are the Valves of Heister?
Visible or microscopic red blood cells in the urine, associated with early renal disease and stones
What is Hematuria?
Decreased WBC
What is ?Leukopenia
Lab test that increases with acute pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, intestinal obstruction and peptic ulcer disease
What is Serum Amylase
Product from the breakdown of hemoglobin in old red blood cells where a disruption in the process may cause abnormal levels and leakage into tissues gives the skin a yellow appearance
What is Bilirubin?
Strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
What is Sclerosing Cholangitis?
Appears as a hypoechoic or anechoic mass just outside the renal sinus that it is not associated with dilated calyces, or parenchymal thinning.
What is Extrarenal Pelvis
% of red blood cells in the blood
What is Hematocrit?
Sonographic Appearance: calcifications, repeated attacks of pancreatitis, pseudocyst
What is Chronic Pancreatitis
Vessels that drain the blood from the liver
What is Hepatic veins?
ERCP
What is Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography?
Benign renal neoplasm associated with tuberous sclerosis
What is Renal angiomyolipomas (AML) ?
Non-vascularized wedge shaped area
What is Splenic Infarction
Collection of fluid that arises from the loculation of inflammatory processes, necrosis, or hemorrhage
What is a Pseudocyst?
Ligament separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe
What is Ligamentum venosum?
Mass in porta hepatis, intrahepatic duct dilatation, normal CBD/PD
What is Cholangiocarcinoma-Klatskins tumor?
2 most common levels of UT obstruction
What is UPJ and UVJ?
Most common malignant disease that affects the spleen
What is Lymphoma?
Endocrine pancreatic neoplasm that most often occurs in patients with hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia
What is an Insulinoma?
Most common benign hepatic lesion
What is Hemangioma
Sonographic finding:gallbladder with multiple, small hyperechoic foci with ringdown artifact projecting from a thickened adjacent gallbladder wall.
What is Adenomyomatosis?
Bulky hypoechoic mass in the bladder may cause hydronephrosis that comprises 90% of malignant diseases that involves the bladder
What is TCC?
Wedge shaped, hypoechoic, avascular lesion
What is Infarct?