Sexual Selection
Sexual selection acts on traits that affect this aspect of fitness.
What is reproduction?
This mating system involves the a single female and multiple males.
What is polyandry?
One life history trait associated with high levels of parental care.
BONUS: 50 extra points if you can list four instead of one!
What are...
Long lifespan, late age of first reproduction, few offspring, large offspring
One of the factors involved in determining geographic range.
BONUS: 50 extra points if you can list the other 2.
What are:
dispersal barriers
Suitable habitat
Biological ineractions
This hormone mediates aggressive behavior in male vertebrates.
What is testosterone?
This mating system involves displays by multiple males, who first complete with each other for the best displaying locations.
What is a lek?
BONUS: 50 points if you can give an example
This factor distinguishes polygynandry from promiscuity.
What are social bonds?
When levels of parental care in birds and mammals are high, so is the level of this hormone.
What is prolactin?
A high quality habit patch with high population growth and emigration of individuals.
What is a source?
A behavioral strategy that is resistant to invasion and maintained by natural selection, such as the system of territoriality and mating in side-blotched lizards, is an example of this.
What is an Evolutionarily Stable Strategy?
This hypothesis suggests that males and females maximize reproductive success through different strategies.
What is Bateman's Hypothesis?
Bonus opportunity!
Earn 50 extra points if you can describe the best strategy for each sex.
A male lizard defends a territory on which many females live, and mates with all of those females. This is an example of _________________ polygyny.
What is resource-defense?
This factor is associated with male-only parental care because it increases certainty of paternity.
Bonus: 100 extra points if you know the other two factors associated with male only care.
What is external fertilization?
Bonus: iteroparity
indeterminate growth
The ideal free distribution model assumes that animals are ideal in this regard.
What is their knowledge of habitat quality.
Territory size is determined by these two factors.
What are resource density and number of competitors?
This organ, found in females of some species (such as spiders), stores sperm and allows for postcopulatory female choice.
What is the spermatheca?
According to the polygyny threshld model, a female should choose a polygynous mating over a monogamous one ONLY if this factor is significantly higher.
What is territory quality?
In some species, parents reject one of their offspring when resources are poor, but raise all offspring when resources are plentiful. This is an example of ______ brood reduction.
What is facultative?
Territorial animals often follow this type of dispersion pattern.
BONUS: 100 points if you can name the other 2 patterns and give an example of each.
What is uniform?
BONUS: random, clumped
A male bird experiences an increase in testosterone after observing a fight between other males. This is an example of the _____________ effect.
What is the bystander effect?
This hypothesis suggests that ornamental traits reflect the quality of a potential mate's immune system.
What is the Hamilton-Zuk Hypothesis?
BONUS: 50 points if you can give the other 2 hypotheses
Monogamy is rare in frogs, but is seen in the tropical species Ranitomeya imitator. The unusual behavior of this species is attributed to the need for ________ due to low resource availability.
What is biparental care?
This hormone mediates parental care in insects.
What is juvenile hormone?
A population begins to decline when its density becomes low. This is an example of what effect?
What is an allee effect?
This branch of mathematics deals with cost/benefit approaches to strategy, and is often applied to the evolutionary study of aggressive behavior.
What is game theory?