Great Awakening
What were the dates of the Great Awakening?
1730- 1740
What are the dates of the French and Indian War?
1754- 1763
What economic factor made Colonies different than Europe?
A productive agricultural system
What was the name of the minister who began preaching outdoors in fields and in town centers?
George Whitefield
Why were General Braddock’s soldiers easy targets for the French?
They wore bright red and gold clothing, marched in neatly ordered rows and announced their arrival with fife, drum, and bagpipe.
Why did America need a great awakening?
Many churches failed to preach the gospel and practiced a cold, formalistic Christianity. Many church members and even ministers were unconverted.
Why did the Indians side with the French?
The French had cultivated strong ties of friendship and cooperation with the Indian tribes, and many Indians depended on the French fur trade.
What were two fundamental errors King George III made in his policy toward America?
He took out his frustrations with Parliament by lashing out against the colonies, and he appointed prime ministers who were determined to tax colonies and violate colonial liberties.
Who was David Brainard?
He was a young missionary who made an impact when he lived among the Indians. They said of him: He “not only talk Jesus all the time. Him live Jesus all the time.”
What was Braddock's major flaw in his leadership?
Not listening to colonial leaders like Washington who urged him not to use standard European war etiquette to plan his strategy in the French and Indian War.
What was the name of the church membership requirement that opened the door to a steady decline of spirituality in New England?
Halfway Covenant
What would the French and Indian war decide for the future of North America?
It would establish once and for all the supremacy of English tradition and liberty in America.
What was Parliament's plan to finance the government and pay back their war debts?
Raise taxes, especially on the colonists
Who preached the famous revival sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."
Jonathan Edwards
What did The Treaty of Paris (Peace of Paris) of 1763 accomplish?
Ended the French and Indian War (or the Seven Years War)
Why did some have to preach outdoors during the Great Awakening?
Many ministers in England disapproved of the revivalist's evangelistic messages and barred them from their churches.
In what colony was Braddock defeated?
Pennsylvania
Why did some colonists think the large British army remained in America?
To keep the colonists in subjection to the king
Who were the English brothers who organized the Methodist denomination in England and it spilled over into America?
John and Charles Wesley
List 2 British parliamentarians who were interested in helping the colonial claims.
William Pitt the Elder and Edmund Burke
What were the four results of the Great Awakening that we studied in chapter 5?
a.)Thousands of sinners were converted and countless believers were revived.
b.) a new missionary spirit was kindled
c.) new colleges were founded
d.) the people’s hearts were prepared for religious and political freedom
Who came on the scene early in this war who eventually became a key figure in American History and what was his role?
George Washington, he led the Virginia Rangers and may have fired the first shot in the war. He was with Braddock and urged him not to use European war methods but Braddock didn't listen.
Why did the American colonists regard themselves as Americans rather than Englishmen?
They felt the differences with Britain spiritually (Great Awakening influence), militarily (as they saw in the French and Indian War when the repeated failure of the British forced them to unite and defend themselves against the French and Indians) and economically (because of the decisions Parliament was making against their economy).
They did not receive proper representation in the British Parliament, which was the right given to them in their original charters. When they visited England with grievances, they often had to wait long periods of time or their requests would go unheard. This unified American colonists against the British and they saw themselves as separate.
Who was the first black woman poet in America?
Phillis Wheatley
List three Parliamentary decisions that we studied, which grieved the Colonist, and how did each work?
Stamp Act - Parliament’s tax which required the colonists to purchase a stamp (seal) for all legal documents.
Quartering Act - required colonists, when necessary, to furnish British troops with certain supplies and housing
Declaratory Act - declaration of Parliament reminding the colonists that they were subordinate to England.