Define
Idea of studying science, especially as it relates to the origins of the universe and of life, based on faith in God as Creator
Creation science
Ancient Roman author who argued that the universe must have a designer
Cicero
How does homology provide evidence of a Designer?
Similar structure in different organisms suggest that they were all designed by the same Designer.
Explain how specified complexity proves the existence of an intelligent Designer.
Since information has specified complexity, it must have meaning and cannot occur by chance; the information in DNA thus requires an intelligent Designer.
Idea that life arose from chemicals that combined in a primordial sea billions of years ago
A. Biogenesis
Explain why De Vries's mutation hypothesis does not match what is known about the nature of mutations.
Mutations produce changes in jeans, but they do not produce new kinds of organisms; most mutations either have no visible effect or are harmful.
Sudden, permanent, random changes in an organism's DNA
Mutation
Founder of comparative anatomy
Georges Cuvier
What is the key distinction between speciation and macroevolution?
Speciation redistributes or loses existing information, but macroevolution requires new information.
Peppered mobs coming two colors, a light color and a dark color. Until the early 1850s, most peppered moths in England were the light color; these light moths could hide from predators by blending with the light colored lichen found on trees. When the industrial revolution began, soot from factories turned the bark a dark color. Because the dark peppered moths could blend better on the dark trees, the dark moths became much more common and the light moths became less common. Explain why this is an example of natural selection and speciation, but not evolution.
This is an example of natural selection because dark moths are better able to survive in the new environment more than white moths. This causes speciation through variations in the gene pool. It is not evolution because no new kinds (or even new characteristics) are formed.
In evolutionary ideas, and intermediate organism, linking types of living things
Transitional form
Why are "four-winged" fruit flies not in an example of evolution?
The mutation that causes the extra pair of wings is harmful, leaving the flies so badly handicapped that they can reproduce only in the laboratory.
Idea that a type of organism is better able to survive in its environment than another type of organism will survive and become predominant
Natural selection
Protestant pastor, who wrote the first botanical work to use illustrations based on actual plants
Otto Brunfels
How do rock pocket mice demonstrate natural selection?
The mouse coat color that matches the color of the ground in an area is more common in that area.
How has the application of science through technology helped? The study of science? Include at least two examples in your answer.
Technology has allowed the development of many new tools for scientific investigation. (Examples will vary.)
False idea that, at various stages during an embryo's development, it resembles different adult forms of several evolutionary ancestors in sequence
Embryonic recapitulation
What event caused the beginning of modern science?
The Protestant Reformation
An originally created type of organism
Kind
Two supposed whale ancestors discussed in the text
Pakicetus
Ambulocetus
Explain why antibiotic resistance in bacteria is not an example of evolution.
Antibiotic resistance and bacteria either already exists or comes through mutation that destroys information.
Contrast the assumptions of materialism with what the Bible teaches.
Materialism assumes that everything is material, nothing is spiritual, and there is no God.
The Bible teaches that there is a God who created all things, including the spirit that man possesses.
Idea that only the natural world exists
Materialism
God's revelation of himself through creation
General revelation
Father of anatomy
Andreas Vesalius
Differentiate between the "tree of life," the "lawn view" and the Creation science "orchard."
The tree of life- an evolutionary view, with the man and all organisms descended from a single common ancestor
The lawn view- the incorrect idea that all species were created as they are now with no changes within a kind
Creation science orchard- the view that all organisms are descended from the original kinds with changes within a kind, but no changes between kinds
Contrast gradualism with punctuated equilibrium. Explain why neither is consistent with what is known about the fossil record and mutations.
Gradualism- belief that evolution occurs by slow and gradual change; predicts that there should be many transitional forms in the found in the fossil record.
Punctuated equilibrium- belief that evolution occurs through short periods of rapid change separated by long periods of no change; predicts that a higher than normal rate of mutations causes changes to occur so quickly that few, if any, transitional forms were left behind as fossils.
The transitional forms predicted by gradualism are not found in the fossil record. Neither idea is consistent with the facts that mutations are usually harmful or neutral and a mutations can never create information.
God's revelation of himself through the Bible
Special revelation
English physician who discovered blood circulation
William Harvey
Explain how the ideas of Aristotle influenced man during the Middle Ages.
By accepting Aristotle's ideas, people during the Middle ages worshiped nature; and because they did not understand nature, they feared it. Superstitious worship and fear of nature kept them from studying the world around them and using it for their benefit.
The following quotation is from Thomas huxley's book on evidence as to man's place in nature. Does this quotation reflect and acceptance of creation? Why or why not?
"I have endeavored to show that no absolute structural line of demarcation [division], wider than that between the animals which immediately succeed us in the scale, can be drawn between the animal world and ourselves; and I may add the expression of my belief that the attempt to draw a physical distinction is equally futile, and that even the highest faculties of feeling and of intellect begin to germinate [develop] in lower forms of life."
This quote reflects rejection of Creation; this is evident in his belief that there is no clear distinction between humans and animals.
Science put to practical use
Technology
Puritan clergyman involved in the formation of the royal society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge
John Wilkins
Explain how the experiments of Redi and Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation.
Redi showed that flies develop from eggs laid by flies, not from decaying meat. Pasteur showed that not even the simplest organisms can develop from non-living matter; his flask experience experiments showed that bacteria that grow in broth come from the air rather than being formed in the broth.
Belief that the world and everything in it were created by a supernatural act of God
Creation
Lawyer and geologist whose work greatly influenced Darwin's ideas
Charles Lyell
Why is one's world view important when studying science?
One's worldview determines how he interprets scientific facts.
Unbiblical idea that the universe, including all life, is the result of natural processes and that all life has a common ancestor
Evolution
Two books in which Darwin explained his evolutionary ideas
Origin of Species
Descent of Man
What was the faith upon which Darwin based his work?
Uniformitarianism ( or materialism)
Materialistic notion that the present is the only key to the past
Uniformitarianism
Three features in human embryos that supposedly provide evidence for evolution
Gill slits (pharyngeal arches), tail, yolk sac
How do "vestigial organs" fail to support evolution?
All the supposedly vestigial organs are vital to life.