Probability
What is a Tree Diagram?
A graphical representation that displays all possible sequences of outcomes in a multistage experiment. The tree starts by displaying two or more branches that represent the possible outcomes in the first stage of the experiment. Each of those branches then splits off to the possible outcomes in the second stage. If there are more stages this process continues until all possible sequences of outcomes are displayed. The total number of branches at the end of the tree is the number of possible outcomes in the sample space of the multistage experiment. Each individual path of branches, from beginning to end, is a unique sequence of single stage results that forms an outcome of the multistage experiment.
What is a Chance Experiment?
An experiment where you repeatedly conduct a trial or a process that can have two or more results due to uncertainty and then observe the results.
What is a Sample?
Any collection of members of a population.
What is a Population?
Any entire collection of people, animals, or objects tat someone is interested in learning about. Each person, animal, or object in the population is called a member.
What is a Fraction?
A number that represents a part of a whole.
What is Probability?
A measure of how likely it is that an event will happen.
What is an Event?
A set of one or more possible outcomes. A simple event is an event with only one outcome. A compound event is an event with more than one outcome.
What is a Random Sample?
A sample in which every member of the population has an equally likely chance of being chosen.
What is a Population Characteristic?
A number that summarizes data collected from the entire population.
What is a Decimal?
A number with one or more digits to the right of the decimal point.
What is Empirical Probability?
The probability of an event that is calculated after observing the outcomes from multiple trials of the chance experiment. It is the value of the ratio of the number of observations of the event to the number of trials conducted.
What is a Result?
The result of a single trial of a chance experiment.
A number that summarizes data collected from a sample.
What is a Population Proportion?
The value of the ratio of the number of members of a population that have a specified characteristic to the total number of members in the population.
What is a Ratio?
A comparison of two quantities.
What is Theoretical Probability?
The expected relative frequency of an event when conducting many trials of the chance experiment. When all outcomes in the sample space are equally likely, it is the number of outcomes that give that event divided by the number of possible outcomes.
What is a Simulation?
A procedure in which we conduct a chance experiment that closely resembles a real situation of interest.
What is Sampling Distribution?
The distribution of the values of a statistic calculated for repeated samples of the same size from the same population.
What is a Percent?
The value of a part-to-whole ratio where the whole is 100.
What is a Numerator?
The part of a fraction that represents how many equal parts are being counted.
What is a Probability Model?
A mathematical representation of a chance experiment that accounts for all outcomes within the sample space and assigns a probability to each outcome.
What is Relative Frequency?
The fraction or percent of the time that an event occurs in an experiment.
What is Sampling Variability?
The variation in the values of a statistic among samples of the same from the same population.
What is Range?
The difference of the greatest value and the least value of a data set?
What is Frequency?
The number of data values in an interval.