Down Syndrom
This genetic condition is caused by the presence of an extra copy of which human chromosome?
What is Chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21)?
To facilitate a smooth physical assessment for a patient with high sensory defensiveness, nurses should perform procedures using this predictable sequence rather than starting with invasive vital signs.
What is Least Invasive to Most Invasive (e.g., foot-to-head or observing before touching)?
Characterized by slow, involuntary, writhing movements, this form of cerebral palsy is associated with damage to the basal ganglia
What is Athetoid (or Dyskinetic) Cerebral Palsy?
This observational pain assessment tool uses Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability to measure pain in infants and non-verbal young children.
What is the FLACC Scale?
An infant who fails to show an intentional, social smile by this maximum age threshold requires developmental evaluation
What is 2 to 3 Months?
This physical characteristic seen on the hands is defined as a single crease extending horizontally across the palm.
What is a Single Palmar Crease (or Simian Crease)?
When evaluating pain in a hospitalized non-verbal patient with ASD who cannot use traditional self-report tools, nurses should monitor for sudden changes in this indicator rather than relying solely on vocalizations.
What is Behavioral Changes (e.g., increased self-injurious behavior, aggression, agitation, or withdrawal)?
This subtype accounts for nearly 80% of all cerebral palsy cases and is characterized by hypertonia and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes.
What is Spastic Cerebral Palsy?
This pain scale, featuring a series of drawn faces ranging from happy to crying, is suitable for self-reporting pain in verbal children aged 3 and older.
What is the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale?
Inability to sit independently without support by this age is considered a significant gross motor delay.
What is 9 Months?
Up to 50% of infants born with Down syndrome are diagnosed with this cardiac structural anomaly, often requiring early surgical repair.
What is an Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) / Endocardial Cushion Defect?
To maintain safety during an inpatient stay for a patient with ASD who exhibits wandering behaviors (elopement risk), nurses should implement this priority safety precaution immediately upon unit arrival.
What is Securing Exit Doors / Placing a Door Alarm (or 1:1 Observation / High-Risk Elopement Precautions)?
This medication, commonly delivered via an intrathecal pump or oral doses, acts as a GABA-B agonist to relieve severe muscle spasticity.
What is Baclofen?
Non-pharmacological pain control in neonates during painful procedures often utilizes this oral intervention to trigger endogenous opioid release.
What is Oral Sucrose (or Sweet-Ease)?
The persistent preference for one hand before this age is abnormal and may indicate hemiplegic cerebral palsy or focal weakness.
What is 18 Months (or 1.5 Years)?
Pediatric patients with Down syndrome require routine screening for this endocrine condition, which typically manifests with fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain.
What is Hypothyroidism?
Stereotyped is the term for the clinical manifestations of autism (list three).
What is hand-flapping, body rocking, toe-walking, or spinning in circles.
Pediatric patients with Down syndrome require routine screening for this endocrine condition, which typically manifests with fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain.
What is Hypothyroidism?
List three potential clinical manifestations for a patient who is in pain.
What are grimacing, guarding, elevated heart rate, elevated blood pressure.
A red flag for speech delay occurs when a child fails to produce single words with meaning by this age milestone.
What is 15 to 18 Months?
Children with Down syndrome require cervical spine X-rays prior to sports participation to rule out this dangerous instability between the first two cervical vertebrae.
What is Atlantoaxial Instability (AAI)?
List three clinical manifestations seen in children with autism.
unable to make eye contact, delayed speech, lack of facial expression, repeats words immediately after hearing them
When caring for a pediatric patient undergoing serial casting or wearing orthoses for spasticity treatment, nurses must perform frequent assessments to monitor for this vascular complication.
What is Neurovascular Impairment (or Compartment Syndrome / Impaired Peripheral Perfusion)?
List three non-pharmacological interventions for helping children cope with pain between doses of pain medication or during procedures.
What are imagery, distraction, deep breathing, white noise, and buzzy bee?
The complete loss of previously acquired language, motor, or social skills at any age is known by this clinically alarming term
What is Regression?