Chapter One
A psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning and in response. Not typical or culturally expected.
What is a psychological disorder?
Model which states that both an inherited tendency (a vulnerability) and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder.
What is the diathesis-stress model?
A test which yields consistent results has this quality.
What is reliability?
True or false? Manic features cannot be present when an individual is expressing depressive features.
False, "mixed features" is the term for mood episodes reflecting the opposite valence of mood.
Marcus is listening to the song Doin' Time by Sublime. As he jams out, the neighbor's dog gets loose and bites his arm, eliciting fear. Now, any time Marcus hears the song Doin' Time he feels afraid.
Doin' Time by Sublime functions as this.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
Contains criterion for diagnosing psychological disorders. Last updated May 2013 by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5)?
Model which explains behavior in terms of a single cause. Paradigm, school, or conceptual approach. Ignores info from other areas.
What is a one-dimensional model?
A test which accurately assesses a concept has this feature.
What is validity?
A group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression.
What are mood disorders?
True or False? Suicide is highly unlikely during a manic episode.
False, mania can also increase the risk of suicide.
Profession responsible for prescribing and tweaking medication. Appointments typically last 15 minutes. Although qualified, these specialists do not provide psychotherapy.
What is a psychiatrist?
Neurotransmitter involved in alarm responses and basic bodily processes (e.g. breathing).
What is norepinephrine?
The presence of multiple diagnoses.
What is comorbidity?
Sally, a twelve year old, frequently loses her temper and is constantly in an irritable mood. Sally is diagnosed with this disorder.
What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?
The depressive cognitive triad is defined by these three characteristics.
What is thinking negatively about oneself, the world, and the future?
True or False: Psychological disorders are known to be caused by one, single event.
False, many factors play into the behavioral patterns of an individual.
An excess of this neurotransmitter is associated with schizophrenia.
What is dopamine?
These tests are rooted in psychoanalytic tradition and aim to assess unconscious processes by projecting aspects of personality onto ambiguous stimuli. Includes Rorschach inkblot test.
What is a projective test?
Last week, Billy emptied his bank account by purchasing sound equipment. When questioned, he claimed he would make millions by setting up a studio. Now, he says he will be the world's best ping-pong player, though having little experience with the game. Billy is experiencing this.
What is a manic episode?
True or False? Lithium is considered a mood stabilizer because it treats depressive and manic symptoms.
True.
The addition of a stimuli with the goal of increasing a desired behavior.
What is a positive reinforcer?
Rats were confronted with a shock situation and after a period of attempting to irradiate the shock via behavior with no success, the rat endured the shock and ceased coping mechanisms. The rats' behavior be described as this.
What is learned helplessness?
These tests are rooted in empirical tradition, with test stimuli being less ambiguous. Minimal clinical inference to score and interpret.
What is an objective test?
Specifically block reuptake of serotonin so more serotonin is available in the brain. Prozac is common.
What is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
This disorder is characterized by alternations between major depressive and hypomanic episodes.
What is Bipolar II disorder?