Paradigms in Psychopathology
Mood disorders
Anxiety disorders
OCD/Trauma-related disorders
100

What is the range of heritability estimate?

0-100

100

What are two main techniques of CBT?

cognitive restructuring and behavorial activation

100

What is an example of avoidance?

Calling in sick to avoid speaking in public

100
What changed about OCD between DSM-IV and DSM-5?

OCD became its own category

200

What is Beck's depressive cognitive triad?

Cognitive errors about the self, world, and the future.

200

What is the gold-standard treatment for mania/hypomania?

Lithium

200

What type of exposures do you do for panic disorder?

Interoceptive exposures

200

What is the difference between obsessions and compulsions?

Obsessions are thoughts and compulsions are behaviors

300

Doing the dishes (behavior) so the nagging stops (stimulus) is an example of what?

Negative Reinforcement

300

What are the important areas to assess during a suicide assessment?

passive vs active

ideation vs intent

plans/means

frequency

300

Why is the goal of anxiety disorder treatment not to eliminate anxiety?

anxiety is a healthy response to "dangerous" situations, and can be adaptive

300

What's the difference between primary and secondary emotions?

Primary emotions are evoked by the traumatic event, and secondary emotions are evoked by the thoughts about the traumatic event.

400

Why do we have different paradigms and not just one?

Mental disorders are caused by many etiological factors from different paradigms.

400

What are two types of problematic patterns of thinking?

fortune-telling, mind reading, black/white thinking

400

What are the two common things that typically happen to a person's fear belief?

Over-valuing the significance of feared event and over-estimating risk of it happening
400

What is a flashback?

re-experiencing the traumatic event again
500

Provide an example that illustrates the diathesis-stress model

Having a genetic disposition that is activated by an environmental stressor

500

What is the major difference between ACT and CBT?

In CBT - the focus is on identifying and changing distorted thoughts; scheduling enjoyable activities. In ACT - the focus is on accepting negative emotions/thoughts and committing to value-consistent behavior.
500

Why are people asked not to take medication during exposure therapy?

medication interferes with the person's ability to experience anxiety during the exposure, which is necessary for it to be beneficial.

500

How does prolonged exposure work?

Providing the patient with the opportunity to process their emotions/thoughts about their trauma

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